Using Twitter in P&L

1. Using Twitter in P&L Haylie Pepper – Perth College @haylie_pepper

2. 1 Unit 1 – Democracy and the rule oflaw Political and legalsystem operating principles of a liberaldemocracy • equality of politicalrights • majorityrule • political participation • political freedom legislative processes at the State or Commonwealth levels #11PAL7 #11PAL1 the court hierarchy, methods of statutory interpretation and the doctrine ofprecedent structure of the political and legal system inAustralia #11PAL8 #11PAL2 key processes of civil and criminal trials in Western Australia roles of the legislative, executive andjudicial branches ofgovernment #11PAL9 #11PAL3 key processes of at least one non-commonlaw system key influences on the structure of the political and legal system inAustralia • the Westminster system ofgovernment • English common law • the American federalsystem • the Canadian federalsystem • the Swiss referendum process #11PAL10 Political and legalissues at least one contemporary issue (the last three years) involving the legislativeprocess #11PAL4 #11PAL11 • structures and processesof • one democratic political and legalsystem • one non-democratic political and legalsystem • #11PAL5 and at least one contemporary issue (the last three years) involving the judicialprocess. types of laws made by parliaments, courts and subordinate authorities #11PAL12 #11PAL6 Politics and Law | ATAR | Year 11syllabus

3. 2 Unit 2 – Representation andjustice strengths and weaknesses of WesternAustralia’s adversarial civil and criminal lawprocesses Political and legalsystems Essential to the understanding of representation and justice are the principles of fair elections, participation and naturaljustice. #11PAL19 political representation with reference to the roleof political parties and pressuregroups a recently implemented or proposed reform (the last ten years) to the civil or criminal law process in Western Australia #11PAL13 #11PAL20 the Western Australian and Commonwealthelectoral and voting systems sinceFederation strengths and weaknesses of the processes and procedures of at least one non-common lawsystem #11PAL14 #11PAL21 advantages and disadvantages of the electoral and voting systems in Australia with reference to at least one recent (the last ten years)election Political and legalissues The political and legal issues are best addressed in combination with the relevant content of the Australian political and legal system. This requires an examinationof: #11PAL15 a recently implemented or proposed reform (the last ten years) to the electoral and voting systems in Australia at least one contemporary issue (the last three years) centering onrepresentation #11PAL16 #11PAL22 the electoral and voting systems of anothercountry and #11PAL17 at least one contemporary issue (the last three years) centering onjustice. ways individuals, political parties and pressure groups can participate in the electoral processes in Australia #11PAL23 #11PAL18 Politics and Law | ATAR | Year 11syllabus

4. 3 Unit 3: Political & legalpower federalism in Australia with referenceto Political and legalsystems • constitutional powers of State and Commonwealth parliaments, including exclusive, concurrent and residual powers, Sections 51, 52, 90, 107 and109 • financial powers of the Commonwealth Parliament, including taxation power, tied or special purpose grants, including Sections 51(ii), 87, 90, 92 and96 • change in the balance of power since federation, with referenceto legislative, executive and judicial powers with reference to the Commonwealth Constitution (Australia) and with comparison to one non- Westminster political and legal system #12PAL1 functions of the Commonwealth Parliament in theory and in practice, including Sections 7, 24, 51, 53, and the decline of parliamentthesis #12PAL2 • financial powers, including vertical fiscal imbalance and horizontal fiscal equalisation, the GrantsCommission • referral of powers Section51(xxxvii) • the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) • co-operative federalism as opposed to coercivefederalism • High Court of Australia constitutional interpretation, including external affairs power Section 51(xxix), corporations power Section 51(xx), and taxationpowers #12PAL9 roles and powers of the Governor-General, including Sections 61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 28, 57, 72, and ‘the 1975 crisis’ #12PAL3 roles and powers of the Prime Minister, Cabinet and the Ministry #12PAL4 roles and powers of the opposition and the shadow ministry at the Commonwealthlevel #12PAL5 formal and informal methods of constitutional change and their impact • referendums, including Section128 • High Court of Australiadecisions • referral ofpowers • unchallenged legislation political mandates in theory and in practice, including competingmandates #12PAL6 #12PAL10 lawmaking process in parliament and the courts, with reference to the influenceof Political and legalissues at least one reform proposal to change the Commonwealth Constitution (Australia), such as #12PAL11 • individuals • politicalparties • pressuregroups #12PAL7 at least one contemporary issue (the last three years) relating to politicalpower #12PAL12 roles and powers of the High Court of Australia, including Sections 71, 72, 73, 75 and 76 with reference to at least one common law decision and at least one constitutional decision at least one contemporary issue (the last three years) relating to legalpower. #12PAL13 #12PAL8 Politics and Law | ATAR | Year 11syllabus

5. 4 Unit 4 – Accountabilityand rights the ways human rights are protected in Australia, including in the Constitution, common law, statutory rights, and charter of rights, such as the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Victoria) and the Human Rights Act 2004 (Australian Capital Territory) #12PAL18 Political and legalsystems the accountability of the CommonwealthParliament • through elections for the House of Representatives and theSenate • through the House of Representatives and Senate Privileges Committees • within the procedures and processes of the Parliament the status of international covenants, protocols and treaties in protecting human rights in Australia #12PAL18 #12PAL14 the ways human rights are protected in oneother country #12PAL19 the accountability of the Executive and public servants • through collective and individual ministerial responsibility • through Senate Estimates and at least one other committee of the Commonwealth Parliament • through the Commonwealth Auditor General and the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) • through judicialreview the ways in which Australia and one other country can both uphold and/or undermine democratic principles, with referenceto • politicalrepresentation • popularparticipation • the rule oflaw • judicialindependence • natural justice #12PAL15 #12PAL20 the extent of the accountability of the Governor- General and the Office of theGovernor-General Political and legalissues the changing experience of a particular group with respect to their political and legal rights inAustralia. • throughappointment • throughremoval • ‘the 1975 crisis’ and ‘the Hollingworthaffair’ #12PAL16 #12PAL21 • the accountability of thecourts • through the appeals process • through parliamentary scrutiny andlegislation • through transparent processes and public confidence • through the censure and removal ofjudges, • including Section72 • #12PAL17 Politics and Law | ATAR | Year 11syllabus