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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Equity Valuation. Fundamental Stock Analysis: Models of Equity Valuation. Basic Types of Models Balance Sheet Models Dividend Discount Models Price/Earning Ratios Estimating Growth Rates and Opportunities. Intrinsic Value and Market Price. Intrinsic Value Self assigned Value

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter13 Equity Valuation

  2. Fundamental Stock Analysis: Models of Equity Valuation • Basic Types of Models • Balance Sheet Models • Dividend Discount Models • Price/Earning Ratios • Estimating Growth Rates and Opportunities

  3. Intrinsic Value and Market Price • Intrinsic Value • Self assigned Value • Variety of models are used for estimation • Market Price • Consensus value of all potential traders • Trading Signal • IV > MP Buy • IV < MP Sell or Short Sell • IV = MP Hold or Fairly Priced

  4. Dividend Discount Models:General Model • V0 = Value of Stock • Dt = Dividend • k = required return

  5. No Growth Model • Stocks that have earnings and dividends that are expected to remain constant • Preferred Stock

  6. No Growth Model: Example E1 = D1 = $5.00 k = .15 V0 = $5.00 / .15 = $33.33

  7. Constant Growth Model • g = constant perpetual growth rate

  8. Constant Growth Model: Example E1 = $5.00 b = 40% k = 15% (1-b) = 60% D1 = $3.00 g = 8% V0 = 3.00 / (.15 - .08) = $42.86

  9. Estimating Dividend Growth Rates • g = growth rate in dividends • ROE = Return on Equity for the firm • b = plowback or retention percentage rate • (1- dividend payout percentage rate)

  10. Shifting Growth Rate Model • g1 = first growth rate • g2 = second growth rate • T = number of periods of growth at g1

  11. Shifting Growth Rate Model: Example D0 = $2.00 g1 = 20% g2 = 5% k = 15% T = 3 D1 = 2.40 D2 = 2.88 D3 = 3.46 D4 = 3.63 V0 = D1/(1.15) + D2/(1.15)2 + D3/(1.15)3 + D4 / (.15 - .05) ( (1.15)3 V0 = 2.09 + 2.18 + 2.27 + 23.86 = $30.40

  12. Specified Holding Period Model • PN = the expected sales price for the stock at time N • N = the specified number of years the stock is expected to be held

  13. Partitioning Value: Growth and No Growth Components • PVGO = Present Value of Growth Opportunities • E1 = Earnings Per Share for period 1

  14. Partitioning Value: Example • ROE = 20% d = 60% b = 40% • E1 = $5.00 D1 = $3.00 k = 15% • g = .20 x .40 = .08 or 8%

  15. Partitioning Value: Example Vo = value with growth NGVo = no growth component value PVGO = Present Value of Growth Opportunities

  16. Price Earnings Ratios • P/E Ratios are a function of two factors • Required Rates of Return (k) • Expected growth in Dividends • Uses • Relative valuation • Extensive Use in industry

  17. P/E Ratio: No expected growth • E1 - expected earnings for next year • E1 is equal to D1 under no growth • k - required rate of return

  18. P/E Ratio with Constant Growth • b = retention ration • ROE = Return on Equity

  19. Numerical Example: No Growth E0 = $2.50 g = 0 k = 12.5% P0 = D/k = $2.50/.125 = $20.00 PE = 1/k = 1/.125 = 8

  20. Numerical Example with Growth b = 60% ROE = 15% (1-b) = 40% E1 = $2.50 (1 + (.6)(.15)) = $2.73 D1 = $2.73 (1-.6) = $1.09 k = 12.5% g = 9% P0 = 1.09/(.125-.09) = $31.14 PE = 31.14/2.73 = 11.4 PE = (1 - .60) / (.125 - .09) = 11.4

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