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TRANSPORT POLICY OF HUNGARY – AND ITS CONTEXT

TRANSPORT POLICY OF HUNGARY – AND ITS CONTEXT. Tamás Fleischer Institute for World Economics Centre for Economic and Regional Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/efleischer_tamas.shtml <tamas.fleischer@krtk.mta.hu>. Central European University

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TRANSPORT POLICY OF HUNGARY – AND ITS CONTEXT

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  1. TRANSPORT POLICY OF HUNGARY – AND ITS CONTEXT Tamás Fleischer Institute for World Economics Centre for Economic and Regional Studiesof the Hungarian Academy of Sciences http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/efleischer_tamas.shtml <tamas.fleischer@krtk.mta.hu> Central European University Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy 22nd February, 2018

  2. Transport Policy of Hungary – and its European context • What is a policy ? • What is the transport policy ? • The structure of a good policy document • Documents and contexts of the EU and Hungarian transport policies of the last two decades (a list) • About the history • About the main problems • About the processes • About the documents and NOTaboutsub-sectors, Danube navigation, Malév, privatisation, bicycle roads, urban transport, motorway- constructions, e-pricing, metro4, missing maintenance, etc. • Conclusion (I tell it now): there aretoo many documents called ‚strategies’--and much less strategic thinking and/or use of strategies.

  3. Transport Policy of Hungary – and its European context • What is a policy ? • A policy is a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. • Basic principles by which a government is guided. • A policy is an intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. • Declared objectives of a government to achieve and preserve in the interest of national community. • Co-ordinated governance intent and strategy to direct and control a given government sector or field towards declared objectives and basic principles. • What is the transport policy ? • Co-ordinated governance intent and strategy to direct and control the transportation field towards declared objectives and basic principles. • The structure of a good sector policy=> (see later)

  4. Transport Policy of Hungary – and of the European Union

  5. Transport Policy of Hungary – and of the European Union 1990 2004

  6. Transport Policy of Hungary – and of the European Union 1990 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  7. Transport Policy of Hungary – and of the European Union 1990 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  8. 1990 „White Paper” 1992 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  9. 1990 „White Paper” 1992 Hungarian Transport Policy1996 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  10. 1990 „White Paper” 1992 Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  11. 1990 „White Paper” 1992 Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  12. 1990 „White Paper” 1992 Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  13. 1990 Basicprin-ciples,trans-portgeog-raphy, changeofgene- ralobjec-tives, consi-dera- tions … „White Paper” 1992 Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  14. 1990 Basicprin-ciples,trans-portgeog-raphy, changeofgene- ralobjec-tives, consi-dera- tions … „White Paper” 1992 Com-ments,re-marks,inter-,preta-tions Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  15. Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc. 1990 Basicprin-ciples,trans-portgeog-raphy, changeofgene- ralobjec-tives, consi-dera- tions … „White Paper” 1992 Com-ments,re-marks,inter-,preta-tions Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  16. Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc. 1990 Pro-cess ofEuro-pani- sation: deep-eningand wide-ning;HU fromtransi-tionto acc-ess Basicprin-ciples,trans-portgeog-raphy, changeofgene- ralobjec-tives, consi-dera- tions … „White Paper” 1992 Com-ments,re-marks,inter-,preta-tions Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  17. Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc. 1990 Pro-cess ofEuro-pani- sation: deep-eningand wide-ning;HU fromtransi-tionto acc-ess Basicprin-ciples,trans-portgeog-raphy, changeofgene- ralobjec-tives, consi-dera- tions … „White Paper” 1992 Devel-opmentofotherpoli-cies:landuse,enviro-nmentprotec- tion,infor-matics,urbandevel-opment Com-ments,re-marks,inter-,preta-tions Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  18. Revision of WP’2001 in 2006

  19. Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013

  20. Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007

  21. Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  22. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  23. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  24. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of TEN-T guidelines2009…11…13… Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  25. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of TEN-T guidelines2009…10…11… „Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area: Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”EUWhite Paper 2011 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  26. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of TEN-T guidelines2009…11…13… „Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area: Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”EUWhite Paper 2011 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 New Széchenyi Plan 2011with Chapter Transport NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  27. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of TEN-T guidelines2009…11…13… „Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area: Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”EUWhite Paper 2011 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 New Széchenyi Plan 2011with Chapter Transport NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Széll Kálmán Plan 2011 with Chapter Transport Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  28. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of TEN-T guidelines2009…11…13… „Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area: Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”EUWhite Paper 2011 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 New Széchenyi Plan 2011with Chapter Transport NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Széll Kálmán Plan 2011 with Chapter Transport National Transport Strategy2014(preparation 2011… 12… 13… 14) Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  29. NewNational Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2014-2020

  30. NewNational Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2014-2020 New Transport Operational Program 2014-20 (IKOP) 2014

  31. NewNational Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2014-2020 New Transport Operational Program 2014-20 (IKOP) 2014 Connecting Europe Facility (CEF)2013-2016

  32. From the past of our ‘transport policy’ 1848 1848 István Széchenyi – The role of Budapest, the role of the transport

  33. Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest

  34. Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest

  35. Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest

  36. Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest

  37. Common Transport Policy (CTP) of the EU 1992and 2001 • Before 1992 • There was no integrated transport policy in the union, single sectorial targets main motivation was the regulation of the competition • EU CTP 1992 „Single network to the single market” • Integrated transport policy – but focus on one single layer (international level) • Inter-modality, interoperability, free access, corridors, TEN-T (+TEN-C, TEN-E), single market

  38. Common Transport Policy (CTP) of the EU 1992 Why needed the interoperability ? Illustration with the presentation of the main electrification systems on the trans-European rail network in Europein 2000

  39. Common Transport Policy (CTP) of the EU 1992 and 2001 • Before 1992 • There was no integrated transport policy in the union, single sectorial targets main motivation was the regulation of the competition • EU CTP 1992 „Single network to the single market” • Integrated transport policy – but focus on one single layer (international level) • Inter-modality, interoperability, free access, corridors, TEN-T (+TEN-C, TEN-E), single market • EU Transport Policy 2001: „Time to Decide” • Main target: decoupling the link between the economic growthand the transport growth- focus on limiting road transport through charging, - with efficiency measures in other modes, - and with targeted investments… …into the TEN networks…

  40. TEN-T and its extension to the east Source: Az országos közúthálózat 1991-2000 évekre szóló-fejlesztési programja 1991, KHVM. The birth of corridor thinking, renumbering the roads in 1975

  41. TEN-T and its extension to the east • What does the eastern extension of the TEN means ?

  42. TEN-T and its extension to the east • Extension of the grid toward the east

  43. TEN-T and its extension to the east • Prolongation of the east-west corridors

  44. TEN-T and its extension to the east • Prolongation of the east-west corridors

  45. TEN-T and its extension to the east Source: http://www.khvm.hu/EU-integracio/A_magyarorszagi_TINA_halozat/Image11.gif Helsinki, or Pan-European transport corridors

  46. Dilemmas of the Central European Transport Policy in thetime of the EU Enlargement • European Interest 1 –Corridors (TEN-T) in western Europe were based on the internal demand of the EU area, namely on the necessity of the interconnection of well developed national networks (“Single network to the single market”) • European Interest 2 – the extension of the TEN-T network toward the East was rather the extension of the east-west corridors of the TEN-T than the extension of the grid itself. It reflected the Fifteen’s interest rather than the overall interest of the enlarged European Union. • European Interest 3 – during the adaptation of the EU (CTP) priorities the transition countries overestimated the significance of the TEN-T (supranational) level in territorial cohesion. Without proper local networks the expected advantages can not penetrate into the local economy to promote cohesion – good local network is a general interest. • Special Interest 4 – the structure/pattern of the inter-regional networks within Hungary follows an over-centralised structure that cause special barrier in the development of the adaptive capacity of the country.

  47. Road map of Hungary

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