Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Kinesiology

1. Chapter 1:Introduction to the Study of Kinesiology KINESIOLOGY Scientific Basis of Human Motion, 10th edition Luttgens & Hamilton Presentation Created by TK Koesterer, Ph.D., ATC Humboldt State University

2. Objectives • Define kinesiology & explain its importance to the student of human motion • Describe major components of a kinesiology analysis • Describe a selected motor skill; • breaking it down into component phases • identifying starting and ending points • Determine simultaneous-sequential nature of movement skills • Classify motor skills • State the mechanical purpose of movement skills • Identify joint & basic muscle groups in a movement skill

3. Kinesiology • The study of human movement from the point of view of the physical sciences • Mechanics: Biomechanics • Anatomy: Musculoskeletal anatomy • Physiology: Neuromuscular Physiology • Every structure that participates in movements of the body does so according to physical and physiological principles

4. Reason for Study • To improve performance by learning how to analyze movements of the human body • It is essential educational experience for students of physical education, dance, sport, and physical medicine • Enables these professionals to help their students or clients perform with optimum safety, effectiveness, & efficiency

5. Safety, Effectiveness & Efficiency • Safety: structure movements to avoid doing harm to the body • Effectiveness: success or failure of meeting goals of effective performance • Efficiently: striving to achieve movement goal with least amount of effort • These are underlying aims of kinesiology for analysis & modification of human movement

6. Kinesiology Practitioners • Kinesiology helps to prepare physical educators, coaches, and fitness professional to teach effective performance • Movements of the normal body • Therapist & Athletic Trainers are primarily concerned with effects that exercise have on the body • Restoration of impaired function

7. Methods of Study ControlledLaboratory Studies • Help students gain understanding of the nature & complexity of human motion • Primarily qualitative in beginning • Advanced study include; EMG, force transducers & computer analysis equipment • As technology advances, their abilities increase the depth of our knowledge and understanding

8. Methods of StudyAnalysis under everyday conditions • Students learn how to apply a knowledge of kinesiology • Develop qualitative skills necessary for accurate observation, diagnosis, and treatment of faulty motor performance

9. Components of Analysis • Describing a skill in a logical fashion • breaking it down into its elements • Evaluating performance • determining whether & how related anatomical & mechanical principles have been violated • Prescribing corrections based on appropriate identification of cause

10. Kinesiological Analysis(Table 1.1) A. Description of the motor skill performance • Primary purpose of the skill • Applicable references to speed, accuracy, form, & distance Fig 1.1

11. Kinesiological Analysis(Table 1.1) A. Description of the motor skill performance 2. Movement phases • break down motion into “phases” Fig 1.2

12. Kinesiological Analysis(Table 1.1) • Description of the motor skill performance • Classification of the skill • Classification provides clues to the nature of anatomical & mechanical requirements of a group of skills

13. Kinesiological Analysis(Table 1.1) A. Description of the motor skill performance 4. Simultaneous-sequential nature of motion • Simultaneous – segments move as one • Sequential – segments in an orderly sequence Fig 1.4

14. Kinesiological Analysis(Table 1.1) B. Anatomical analysis • Joint actions & segment motions • Which joints are involved, and what are their exact movements in the skill? • Any limited range of motion? • Refer to Table 1.2 • Muscle participation & form of contraction • Which muscles produce joint actions? • What type of contraction?

15. Kinesiological Analysis(Table 1.1) B. Anatomical analysis 3. Neuromuscular considerations • Which neuromuscular mechanisms involved? • What is the nature of involvement?

16. Kinesiological Analysis(Table 1.1) B. Anatomical analysis 4. Anatomical principles related to effective & safe performance • Which anatomical principles contribute to efficiency & accuracy? • Which principles are related to avoidance of injury?

17. Kinesiological Analysis(Table 1.1) • Mechanical analysis • Underlying mechanics objective(s) • Balance: regain stability, attain mobility • Locomotion: travel • Projection: height, range & accuracy • Manipulation: objects or resistance • Maximum effort: speed, power, & force

18. Kinesiological Analysis(Table 1.1) • Mechanical analysis 2. Nature of forces causing or impeding motion • Cause, modify or prevent the motion 3. Mechanical principles that apply 4. Violation of principles • Which applications(s) of principles is (are) violated? • What are the errors? • What are the sources of error?

19. Kinesiological Analysis(Table 1.1) D. Prescriptions for improvement of performance indicate how the performance should be changed so that the principles are no longer violated • Strategy for effecting change • Concentrate on the causes of error, not on the symptoms