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CYPRUS: Taking into account of water demand management in the water policies By

CYPRUS: Taking into account of water demand management in the water policies By Iacovos Iacovides On the basis of the National Report on Monitoring progress and promotion of water demand management policies in Cyprus. Past Changes in Water Demand.

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CYPRUS: Taking into account of water demand management in the water policies By

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  1. CYPRUS: Taking into account of water demand management in the water policies By Iacovos Iacovides On the basis of the National Report on Monitoring progress and promotion of water demand management policies in Cyprus

  2. Past Changes in Water Demand • Irrigation:Large Irrigation Schemes; Built water infrastructure –result of master plans, feasibility studies/ sound workmanship; But new lands included for high IRR for financing projects and more land added thro’ political lobbying and pressure from farmers Thus new demand was developed. Foreseen cropping pattern was not followed Adjustments /technical allowances common in development works, but prudence is needed in view of aridity of climate. Repercussions more pronounced during droughts. • Tourism:Successful Government policy for Cyprus as a quality tourist destination exerts an ever increasing pressure on water resources • Urban growth:Urban growth as opposed to rural areas and high standard of living demands for more water • Environment:Gaining prominence thro’ WFD and modern thinking exerts pressure on use of water resources Competitive tension amongst main water users especially during droughts Competitive pressure/ Conflicting use/ Limited water availability Significant reallocation of the valuable water resources is needed.

  3. Trends for water demand with possible consequences • Domestic & Tourism: increasing (0.067 to 0.100 km3/yr by 2020) • Industrial: stabilizing to increasing (0.004 to 0.007 km3/yr by 2020) • Agricultural: stabilizing to declining (0.182 km3/yr) Extra stress on the water resources to meet the 13% expected increase • More dams carry a high price tag • groundwater reservoirs are over-pumped (characterized as being “at risk” under WFD definition)

  4. Overall range of possible savings WATER EFFICIENCY (index WAT_PO1) Domestic water: 76% for major cities 64%for major municipalities /villages Savings of water by raising this index to 85% (PLANBLEU hypothesis) 0.004–0.012 km3/y (on 0.067 km3/y of 2005) 0.006-0.018 km3/y (on 0.100 km3/y of 2020) Irrigation water: Water efficiency index is 90 -95% No significant savings could be expected except from main irrigation networks (80% efficiency)

  5. Evolution of water policies in Cyprus Water Policy Eras: • 1960-1990: Water development and mobilization • 1970 onwards: Water Conservation • 1990 onwards: Water Demand Management Water resource development initially focused on groundwater because of the high cost of surface water development. Depletion of aquifers and increase of demand necessitated change in policy (1960s onwards) το: NOT A DROP OF WATER TO THE SEA Water resources surveyed - five major development projects delineated (10 dams of 0.17 km3 of water) Present storage capacity over 0.300 km3

  6. Objectives of Present Water Policy • Secure sustainable balance of supply vs demand (at least cost) • Check increasing demand (by pricing mechanisms and info to end users) • Irrigation water to actual crop needs • Modify cropping pattern (lower water demanding crops/ winter crops) • Reduce losses in urban distribution systems (increase efficiency of domestic use) • Emphasize high value crops

  7. The ongoing Development Plan • Construct additional water works (N. Troodos -0.018 km3/yr) • Improve O&M of water works for optimal exploitation • Reuse treated effluent • Suppress evaporation from reservoirs • Secure 180 (urban) and 135 liters/cap/day (rural population) • Use non-conventional sources (desalination) • Promote WDM through technical and pricing mechanisms • Promote institutional reorganization • Protect water resources from pollution • Harmonize with EU’s water policy

  8. Some cost-effective studies • Water Bankingas a water management strategy option facilitating voluntary and temporary reallocation of water from farmers to domestic water users and tourism • The Regulation of the Market for Irrigation Water in Cyprus recommended a study for possible selective bias of current water pricing in connection to farmers using ground water • Other recent studies in connection to Articles 5 and 6 of WFD

  9. Cost Recovery Rates (CRR) • Irrigation supply = 76.6% • Domestic supply = 73.1 % (62.1 % if environmental and resource costs are incorporated) • Recycled water =15.4% (disconnected from financial costs as an incentive) Studies on affordability and price elasticity are needed for WDM measures

  10. Main economic and financial indicators related to WDM (2006) Expenditure on WDM • 0.7% of budget (US$ 0.28 million -subsidies for drilling of wells for non-potable uses, use of “gray” water, connection of wells to lavatories and for water saving campaign), or • 2%if training of staff is accounted, or • 30%if improving Village Water supply systems is included Revenue (treated effluent sales) • 0.6%of the total revenue, or • 9.2%if revenues from village water supply is included

  11. Possible actions to reach Water Demand Management objectives

  12. Thank you very much Gracias mucho Merci beaucoup Σας Ευχαριστώ

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