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The Belgian Case

European Models of Military Services. The Belgian Case. Vienna, 15 th Dec 2010. Current system of military service Assessment  modern military tasks Political & strategic considerations Assessment social & economic side-effects Consequences on defence budget Main lessons learned. Plan.

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The Belgian Case

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  1. European Models of Military Services The Belgian Case Vienna, 15th Dec 2010

  2. Current system of military service Assessment  modern military tasks Political & strategic considerations Assessment social & economic side-effects Consequences on defence budget Main lessons learned Plan

  3. Armed Forces: 34.000 (planned by 2013) 32.000 Military & 2000 Civilians Coming from 92.000 (in 1992 with conscripts) Today = 36.738 (without conscripts) Category Ratio : 15% Offr 42,5% NCO 42,5% Soldiers/Sailors 3 Services (Land-Air-Navy) + Medical Sp No conscripts (from 1994 onwards) 1. Short description of current system of military service (1/3) Current system – Assesm Modern Mil tasks – PolMil Consid – Soc&Econ effects - Def Budget - Lessons Learned

  4. Military Operations : based upon mandate UN – EU – NATO High + Low spectrum of violence (War / Crisis Mgt / Peace Sp - scenarios) Bilateral Military Partnerships African Continent – Great Lake District National Disaster Relief missions 1. Short description of current system of military service (2/3) Current system – Assesm Modern Mil tasks – PolMil Consid – Soc&Econ effects - Def Budget - Lessons Learned

  5. Military personnel: Specific Statutory System (Laws) “life time employment” until unique retirement age (56y – except Gen) Changes need time (political process) Civilian personnel: Federal employees – different statute  Mil Conscription ended in period 1992-1994 1. Short description of current system of military service (3/3) Current system – Assesm Modern Mil tasks – PolMil Consid – Soc&Econ effects - Def Budget - Lessons Learned

  6. Only professionals Maturity increase in execution of all kind of military operations Need for an ideal “young” age piramid  actual statutory system (56y) 2. Assessment of military system modern military tasks Current system – Assesm Modern Mil tasks – PolMil Consid – Soc&Econ effects - Def Budget - Lessons Learned

  7. Age piramid - problem AGE STRUCTURE OF MILITARY PERSONNEL 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 Theoretical ideal structure 2005 2011

  8. Age piramid – new mixed statute AGE STRUCTURE OF MILITARY PERSONNEL 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 Theoretical ideal structure 2005 2011

  9. Conscript system became socialy unjust Only 1 out of 4 was called to “serve” Political dividend & opportunity End of “Berlin Wall / Iron Curtain” – period Collapse of Warsaw Pact / Soviet Union Quick political win (within 1 legislation) End conscription Resize Armed forces No “forced leavers” – only voluntary based 3. Political & strategic considerations leading to current system of mil service Current system – Assesm Modern Mil tasks – PolMil Consid – Soc&Econ effects - Def Budget - Lessons Learned

  10. Social No more “outspread”- contact with the military due to situation where every family knows a soldier. Nor a sound “reserve forces”-pool Economic Difficulty in finding technical skilled people, with increase technology in military systems Difficulty to become an attractive employer in competition with labour market => Cost Finding right solution in a mixed statute for military 4. Assessment social & economic side-effects Current system – Assesm Modern Mil tasks – PolMil Consid – Soc&Econ effects - Def Budget - Lessons Learned

  11. Civilian career within the Armed Forces Orientation process Continued military career Initial military career Leave Armed Forces • job public service agent • job private sector • using outplacement Career in the armed forces reserve Mixed careers - option

  12. Conscripts cheeper, but… Need a great number of conscripts to meet expectation/knowledge/skill of 1 soldier for a duration of time Risk = to retain your professionals as well Need an adequate/attractive pay system Professional armed forces – within the political allocated budget 60% payrole – 20 to 25% functioning cost – 10 to 15 % reinvestment cost (Mat + Infra) 5. Consequences on defence budget Current system – Assesm Modern Mil tasks – PolMil Consid – Soc&Econ effects - Def Budget - Lessons Learned

  13. Simultaneous actions of shrinking armed forces + ending conscription is a double challenge (to avoid) Take care of age piramid if no “forced leavers” make people RETIRE themselves, on demand Need of adequate statute, no life time employment RECONVERT in time (labour market permitting?) To last in time RECRUIT & RETAIN measures in place 6. Main lessons learned Current system – Assesm Modern Mil tasks – PolMil Consid – Soc&Econ effects - Def Budget - Lessons Learned

  14. Challenge of 4R’s AGE STRUCTURE OF MILITARY PERSONNEL 2500 Reconvert Recruit Retain 2000 1500 Retire 1000 500 0 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 Theoretical ideal structure 2005 2011

  15. ? Questions?

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