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Mutations

Mutations. Chapter 12.4. Mutation.  A result of changes in individual genes or the gene arrangements on chromosomes Original code (order of bases) is changed 2 different kinds Gene mutation Chromosome mutation. Gene Mutations.  Mutations occurring within a gene

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Mutations

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  1. Mutations Chapter 12.4

  2. Mutation A result of changes in individual genes or the gene arrangements on chromosomes • Original code (order of bases) is changed • 2 different kinds • Gene mutation • Chromosome mutation

  3. Gene Mutations Mutations occurring within a gene • Usually a letter change, removal, or addition • Three different types: • Deletion • Insertion • Point mutation

  4. Gene deletions and insertions • Gene deletion nucleotide is left out • Gene insertion an extra nucleotide is added • These are called frame-shift mutations causes the order of bases to switch, which causes change in codons, which in turn changes amino acid sequence

  5. Point mutations • Point mutation  a base is substituted for one other base Will only affect one amino acid in the protein

  6. Point Mutation - Deletion

  7. Chromosome Mutations Mutations that occur within a chromosome or between chromosomes • 4 different types: • Deletions • Duplications • Inversions • Translocations

  8. Deletions and Duplications • Chromosomal deletion  part of a chromosome are removed • Chromosomal duplication  part of a chromosome is duplicated

  9. Inversion and Translocation • Chromosomal inversion  portion of a chromosome is reversed • Chromosomal translocation  part of one chromosome attaches to another, different chromosome

  10. Mutagens • Mutagenan agent that causes a mutation • environmental factors such as radiation, heat, and chemicals

  11. Passing On of Mutations Mutations that occur in “body cells” do not get passed on to offspring Mutations that occur in “sex cells” do get passed on to offspring

  12. Mutation and Evolution • Mutations could cause a new allele for a characteristic Mutations could also be the fuel that drives evolution • individuals that underwent mutations may be better suited for survival than the original

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