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Fertility Measures & Concepts

Fertility Measures & Concepts. Complexities of Fertility Analysis. Involves 2 individuals of opposite sex Risk is not universal in female population Fecundity Sexual activity Contraception/abortion Repeatable event. Crude Birth Rate.

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Fertility Measures & Concepts

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  1. Fertility Measures & Concepts

  2. Complexities of Fertility Analysis • Involves 2 individuals of opposite sex • Risk is not universal in female population • Fecundity • Sexual activity • Contraception/abortion • Repeatable event

  3. Crude Birth Rate • The CBR is often multiplied by 1,000 and expressed per 1,000 in the population • The CBR of Malawi from 1985-90 was 56.3 Births in the period 0 to T CBR = Person-yrs lived 0 to T (mid-year population)

  4. General Fertility Rate • The GFR is also often multiplied by 1,000 and expressed per 1,000 in the population Births in the period 0 to T GFR = Person-yrs lived 0 to T by women ages 15-50 (mid-year population)

  5. Age-Specific Fertility Rates Births in the period 0 to T towomen aged x to x+n ASFR = Person-yrs lived 0 to T by women aged x to x+n

  6. Total Fertility Rate • Sum of all age specific fertility rates

  7. Variants of TFR • Parity specific fertility rates • Women at parity “p” • Marital fertility rates • Married women

  8. Cohort Fertility • The mean parity for a cohort of women who have completed their fertility is that cohort’s TFR

  9. Parity Progression Ratio • Proportion of a cohort who had at least i live births who went on to have at least one more • Box 5.4 (p. 105) Number of women at parity i+1 or more PPR= Number of women at parity i or more

  10. Reproduction Measures • Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) • The number of female births an average woman would have if she lived through the end of her reproductive span. • Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) • The average number of daughters that female members of a birth cohort would bear during their reproductive life span if they were subject to the observed age-specific maternity rates and mortality rates through their lifetimes. • NRR=1 equals exact replacement fertility

  11. Why are high birth rates so low?

  12. Proximate Determinants of Fertility • Marriage & Marital Disruption • Sterility • Postpartum Infecundability • Fecundability • Spontaneous Intrauterine Mortality • Contraception • Induced Abortion

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