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The Science of Psychology

The Science of Psychology. What is something you believe to be true? How did you arrive at that belief?. Ways to Acquire Knowledge. Tenacity Acceptance of knowledge because it has been repeated Authority Acceptance of knowledge from authorities. Ways to Acquire Knowledge. Reason and Logic

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The Science of Psychology

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  1. The Science of Psychology

  2. What is something you believe to be true? • How did you arrive at that belief?

  3. Ways to Acquire Knowledge • Tenacity • Acceptance of knowledge because it has been repeated • Authority • Acceptance of knowledge from authorities

  4. Ways to Acquire Knowledge • Reason and Logic • Start with an assumption • Logically deduce consequences based on that assumption • Experience • Gaining knowledge through direct experience • Empiricism

  5. Ways to Acquire Knowledge • Science • Way of thinking about and observing the universe to learn truth • Determinism • Discoverability • How does science solve the problems associated with other ways of acquiring knowledge?

  6. Characteristics of the Scientific Method • Objectivity • Empirical observation; quantifiable measurements • Confirmation of Findings • Replication: Others can repeat procedures to confirm original results • Peer Review: Process by which a paper is published after being critiqued by other scientists

  7. Characteristics of the Scientific Method • Self-Correction • Errors and faulty reasoning should be corrected as they are discovered • Falsifiability • Control • Accounting for or preventing the effect of unwanted factors • Direct manipulation of factors of major interest to determine their effects

  8. Pseudoscience • Associates with true science • Anecdotal evidence • Sidesteps disproof • Reductionistic

  9. Nonexperimental Methods: Archival research Naturalistic observation Surveys Case studies Correlational research Experimental Method Advantages Describe and predict behavior Useful when ethical considerations prevent true experimentation Causality Research Methods

  10. Experimentation in a Nutshell • Variable:Event or behavior that can assume at least two values • Independent Variable (IV) • The variable the experimenter manipulates • Physiological • Experience • Environmental • Participant characteristics are often treated as IVs • Dependent Variable (DV) • The variable that is measured • Can be measured lots of ways: • Number correct • Frequency • Amount • Duration

  11. Experimental Research • For an experiment, you need at least two conditions: • Treatment condition • They receive the manipulation you created • Control condition • They do not receive your manipulation

  12. IV Music No Music DV Heart Rate Manipulation, Comparison,and Control

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