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The International Experience Europe

The International Experience Europe. Axel Friedrich Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Germany. Developing Road maps for Conventional Fuels in Asia. Fuel specifications. Mandatory fuel specifications for gasoline and diesel in two stages - 2000 and 2005:.

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The International Experience Europe

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  1. The International Experience Europe Axel FriedrichUmweltbundesamt (UBA)Germany Developing Road maps for Conventional Fuels in Asia

  2. Fuel specifications Mandatory fuel specifications for gasoline and diesel in two stages - 2000 and 2005: From 2009 sulphur limit is 10 ppm; it has to be available on stations 2005; tax incentives can be used to introduce this quality earlier

  3. Vehicle Fuels Specification • Gasoline, Diesel sulfur at 50 ppm today, 10 ppm being progressively introduced • Low sulfur is a key enabling property for advanced low-emission vehicles • Benefits of low sulfur diesel fuel will continuously improve as next generation vehicles enter the market.

  4. Fuel Taxation in Germany • Higher fuel tax (+ 1.5 €ct/Litre)for low sulphur gasoline and diesel fuel with more than 50 ppm Sulphur from the 1.1.2001 • Higher fuel tax (+ 1,5 € ct/Litre)for gasoline and diesel with more than 10 ppm Sulphur from the 1.1.2003(< 10ppm = sulphur free) • additionally the so called Eco tax reform from 1999 to 2003 was imposed. Every year the fuel tax was raised by 1.5 €ct/litre

  5. Sulphur “Free” Fuel From 1st of January 2003 1.5 €ct per litre tax incentive for sulphur content less than 10 ppm for both gasoline and diesel fuel ( Onroad and offroad ! ).Market changed completely in a short period

  6. Cumulative On-Line Capacity New Catalysts for Lower Sulfur Fuels Nebula-20™ for Diesel • Increasing ultra-low sulfur diesel producibility • proprietary catalyst technology • activity level tripled • rapid development / deployment • Meeting gasoline sulfur specifications with minimal octane loss • Proprietary catalyst technology • clear octane advantage • lower operating cost Activity New Generation Catalysts Early Commercial Catalysts ‘55 ‘65 ‘75 ‘85 ‘95 ‘05 SCANfining™ for Gasoline KBD Source:

  7. Emission Development in Germany Benzene and Diesel Particles

  8. Effect of Fuel Sulphur Content on Emissions of Gasoline Passenger Cars with Three Way Catalyst at 50 000 Miles

  9. Effect of Fuel Sulphur Content on Benzene Emissions of Gasoline Passenger Cars with Three Way Catalyst at 50 000 km

  10. Impact of Fuel S Level on PM Emissions

  11. UBA 8th september 99 - G. BELOT

  12. Regular Diesel (350 ppm S) Sweden Diesel (<10 ppm S) 100 80 60 40 20 Fresh catalyst 0 80 120 160 200 240 Exhaust gas temperature before catalyst [°C] Development potentials of diesel enginesCatalyst start-off behaviour Test precedure: Engine test bench, part load , 1,9 l TDI engine CO conversion %

  13. Effect of diesel sulphur content on an oxidation catalytic converter A4 V6 TDI 25 15 5 HC+NOx CO NOx PM Basis EU IV [%] -5 S < 10 ppm S = 50 ppm S = 350 ppm -15 -25 Compliance with all EU IV limits only possible with S < 10 ppm! -35

  14. UBA proposal for HDV Euro V Euro V I 1999/96/EG 2008/2009 As of 2010 1) 2) 1) 2) ESC ETC ESC ETC g / kWh g / kWh g / kWh g / kWh CO 1,5 4,0 1,5 4,0 HC 0,46 0,46 NMHC 0,55 0,55 3 ) 3 ) Methan 1,1 1,1 NO 1,0 1,0 0,5 0,5 x Partikel 0,005 0,005 0 0,005 0,0 0 5 1 ) Additonal transient test for diesel with after treatment - 2 ) For gas engines only transient test - 3 ) For CNG engines only

  15. EGR + DPF + LNT (USA-Proposal) EGR + DPF SCR (95%) EGR + DPF SCR (95%) opt. combustion SCR – Catatalyst (60%) SCR (95%) SCR (80%) Strategies for Euro 5+(?) with After Treatment EURO V EURO IV EURO 3 (Base line) EURO V+ ?

  16. SCR- System im ETC- Test conversion: 85%

  17. Source: ACEA, June 2003

  18. NOx Emissions - ETC Source: Concawe

  19. Maritime Shipping Fuel:Waste incineration at Sea

  20. The Bottom of the Barrel Increasing demand for low S HFO MARPOL Annex VI entered into force May 19, 2005 which has no impact to the average S- content in the HFO EU Sulfur in Marine Fuels Directive 1.5% S max for Special Areas like Baltic Sea and in the future North Sea More action is needed!

  21. axel.friedrich@uba.dewww.umweltbundesamt.deMember of ICCT New Address: 068440 Dessau POB 1406 Tel: +49 340 2103 2562

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