Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

1. Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs Scot Bean &Michael Roberts Software Engineers, HP

2. Agenda • Ignite-UX Overview • Automated HP-UX Install Methods • Cold Install • Golden Image • Detailed Setup Steps • Traps & Tips • Customization & Maintenance HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

3. What is Ignite-UX? • Free installation & deployment utility for HP-UX • Aliases • “Ignite” • “Instant Ignition” • “IUX” • History • Released in June 1997 with HP-UX 10.30, version 1.02 • Current version: C.6.2.241, May 2005 • Where to get it: • swinstall from any HP-UX install or application media • Download via http://www.docs.hp.com/en/IUX/ HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

4. Ignite Server GUI HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

5. Ignite Client TUI HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

6. 1. Install Kernel: (W|I)INSTALL files, via tftp 2. Content Files: via SD, NFS, FTP or remsh 3. Final Configuration machine-specific setup LAN Install Process Target (or Client) Machine Ignite Server Reboot #1: boots the install kernel Reboot #2: boots to new kernel Reboot #3: ready to use HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

7. Why Automate Installs? HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

8. Two Automation Methods HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

9. Performance Study HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

10. Which Method is Right for Me? • Consider Cold Installwhen: • all infrastructure and target platforms are new & fast • install baselines change often • your sys admin staff is new to HP-UX • Consider Golden Imagewhen: • you have the need for speed • you still support older, slower platforms • install baselines are static, to justify longer setup time • your sys admin staff has some experience • legal auditing requirements demand consistent SW • Also, could use both methods, or a hybrid setup HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

11. Case Studies • HP manufacturing: • uses a hybrid setup to pre-install shipped HP-UX software • common, core Golden Imagelaid down first • custom Cold Installdepots added, per customer order • Major university: • wipes student machines at the end of the semester • fast Golden Imageresets student lab to clean baseline • Software partners with test suites: • some use Golden Imagefor a fast, repeatable baseline • others use Cold Installbecause they always want the latest releases, with a frequently changing baseline HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

12. Cold Install Setup Steps • Copy install media to ignite server,use the make_depots command • Update the Ignite configuration,use the make_config command HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

13. Ignite Server 1. make_depots • Insert media in CD / DVD drive • make_depots –r B.11.11 –s /dev/dsk/c0t0d0 Standard HP-UX install depot copied to /var/opt/ignite/depots/Rel_B.11.11/core HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

14. sw_source "core" { description = "HP-UX Core Software" source_format = SD sd_server = "15.1.2.3" sd_depot_dir = "/var/opt/ignite/depots/Rel_B.11.11/core" source_type = "NET" load_order = 0 } … New configuration file created in /var/opt/ignite/data/Rel_B.11.11/core_cfg cfg "HP-UX B.11.11 Default" { description “Default system configuration for B.11.11." "/opt/ignite/data/Rel_B.11.11/config" "/opt/ignite/data/Rel_B.11.11/hw_patches_cfg" "/var/opt/ignite/data/Rel_B.11.11/core_cfg" "/var/opt/ignite/config.local" } “HP-UX B.11.11 Default” updated in master /var/opt/ignite/INDEX config file 2. make_config • make_config –r B.11.11 HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

15. Cold Install Run bootsys –a –f –i “HP-UX B.11.11 Default” mytarget HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

16. Golden Image Setup Steps • Setup NFS export area • Prepare clone machine • Create the Golden Image, use themake_sys_image command • Create a custom configuration file • Create a new INDEX entry HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

17. 1. Setup NFS export area • Ignite allows 3 different LAN protocols to transfer the Golden Image: • NFS: most popular • FTP: good second choice • remsh: last resort, possible security concerns here • Let’s setup an NFS area for Golden Images • mkdir /var/opt/ignite/My_Golden_Images • echo “/var/opt/ignite/My_Golden_Images -ro,anon=2” >> /etc/exports • exportfs -av HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

18. 2. Prepare clone machine • installs, updates? • ensure clone machine has any required applications and drivers installed • check the HP-UX patch level, and consider: • swinstalling the latest SD patch • swinstalling a recent QPK bundle • run check_patches to verify patch installations • kernel parameters? • consider tuning the default parms to be more generic • machine in use? • intrusive to live operations • DON’T try the next step on your live web server, it may go offline • stop running applications, we need a quiet clone HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

19. generic gzip archive Clone Machine Ignite Server 3. Create the Golden Image • login to clone machine • ftp /opt/ignite/data/scripts/make_sys_image from the Ignite server to /tmp • /tmp/make_sys_image-s iserver -d /var/opt/ignite/My_Golden_Images HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

20. 4. Custom configuration file • Back on ignite server now • Copy the Golden Image template config file cp /opt/ignite/data/examples/core11.cfg /var/opt/ignite/data/Rel_B.11.11/golden_cfg • Customize golden_cfg parametersfor your image: • description:“My Golden Image” • nfs_source: IP address of Ignite server & full path to image (or ftp_source or remsh_source) • sw_sel: edit appropriate “bitness” section (32/64, IA/PA) • archive_path: myclone.gz • impacts: image filesystem space requirements • run /opt/ignite/lbin/archive_impact –t –g myclone.gz • replace existing impacts lines with this output HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

21. 4. Custom configuration file (cont.) sw_source "core archive" { description = "My Golden Image" load_order = 0 source_format = archive source_type="NET" nfs_source = "15.1.2.3:/var/opt/ignite/My_Golden_Images” } init sw_sel "my_golden_image" { description = "English HP-UX 11.11 CDE – 64 – Bit OS” sw_source = "core archive" sw_category = "HPUXEnvironments" archive_type = gzip tar archive_path = “myclone.gz" impacts = "/" 110Kb impacts = "/dev" 15Kb impacts = "/etc" 46385Kb impacts = "/home" 1Kb impacts = "/opt" 1441458Kb impacts = "/sbin" 37231Kb impacts = "/stand" 1091Kb impacts = "/usr" 826714Kb impacts = "/var" 160371Kb visible_if = can_run_64bit } = (can_run_64bit) _hp_os_bitness = "64“ ... 1 2 3 4 5 HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

22. 5. New INDEX entry • Copy an existing stanza in /var/opt/ignite/INDEX • Customize INDEX parametersfor your image: … cfg “my_golden_image” { description “My Golden Image” "/opt/ignite/data/Rel_B.11.11/config" "/var/opt/ignite/data/Rel_B.11.11/golden_cfg" "/var/opt/ignite/config.local" } … • The manage_index command can also do this for you HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

23. Golden Image Run bootsys –a –f –i my_golden_image mytarget HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

24. Automation: Traps & Tips • General Traps & Tips • Cold Install specific • Golden Image specific HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

25. General: Traps & Tips • instl_adm –T : verify your config files! • Maximize /var/opt/ignite/config.local • Put all common configuration parameters here: • Network settings, keyboards, etc. • bootsys command • Use the –a option, or Ignite will wait for console input • Use the –f option, or Ignite can use previous defaults • Use touch/.bootsys_block to protect non-install machines! • Automate bootsys calls via cron,or your own front-end • Run test Ignites on a variety of target platforms • Examine /var/opt/ignite/logs/* to troubleshoot • Use CM when editing your custom IUX config files HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

26. Cold Install: Traps & Tips • Avoid global localization:init sw_sel "Global" = FALSE init sw_sel "English" = TRUE • Control custom installs with bootsys options:bootsys … -l HPUX11i-OE-MC=true … • Customize and maintain install depots with swcopy • Create a new depot when adding a new release HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

27. Golden Image: Traps & Tips • How many images? • Itanium vs. PA-RISC, 32 bit vs. 64 bit, server vs. workstation? • one per model / role, or one for many models /roles? • Select the best machine to clone: • one-to-one image: select the one with the most disparate I/O cards • one-to-many image: select the oldest model possible • Consider some custom pre-image cleanups on the clone: • rm /var/adm/sw/*.log /var/adm/syslog/*.log /var/mail/* • crontab –e • Keep the clone machine handy until image tests pass • Use /tmp for image creation scripts and tools: NOT cloned • Add other-model firmware patches to clone with override: touch /tmp/force_patch_install HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

28. Customization & Maintenance • Ignite-UX has a rich configuration file syntax • Most users underutilize this syntax code • See man 4 instl_adm for all of the details (50 pages!) • See these examples of config file syntax in action: • /opt/ignite/data/Rel_B.11.11/config • /opt/ignite/data/examples/* • What we’ll cover here: • Common customizations • Shortcut to syntax with the save_config command • Sample custom config file • Add some patches to your image HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

29. Common Customizations • 4 custom script types: • post_config_script += "/var/opt/ignite/scripts/setup_NFS" • pre_load_script post_load_script final_script • 4 custom command types: • pre_load_cmd += "echo In Preload" • post_load_cmdpost_config_cmd final_cmd • If / Else logic: (system_name== "nopasswd" ){ root_password="" } else { root_password="\AxycAGJg16Dc" } • Kernel parameters: set_kernel += "maxfiles 100"mod_kernel += "tunable maxfiles 200" HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

30. save_config command • Take a shortcut when creating config files: • Find a machine you would like to copy or recreate • Login and • ftp /opt/ignite/bin/save_config to the machine (* see notes) • save_config –f myconfig • myconfig has all of the Ignite syntax describing this machine • Use pieces of this syntax to customize your configs • Wildcards & variables can replace specific objects: • disk[*] • physical_volume_disk[*=_hp_root_group_disks] HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

31. Sample custom config file ### My /var/opt/ignite/config.local file ### Decide on number of root disks to use (disk[_hp_root_disk].size > 8192MB) # current root disk > 8GB { init _hp_root_grp_disks=1 # large disk drives here, need only 1 } else { ( system_name == "harry" | system_name == "moe" | system_name == “curly" ) { init _hp_root_grp_disks=3 # these older systems need 3 drives } } ### Network settings dns_domain="acme.com" dns_nameserver[0] = "15.1.2.11“ final route_gateway[0]="15.1.2.1" nis_domain="acme" ### Post-Ignite script # this sets up a nice default shell environment post_config_script += "/var/opt/ignite/scripts/fix_profile" HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

32. Add Patches to Your Image • swcopy the patches you need to /var/opt/ignite/depots/Rel_B.11.11/my_patches • Use make_bundles, if needed, to create one bundle • Use make_config on the new depot, my_patches • Insert the new patch config into the INDEX file … cfg “my_golden_image” { description “My Golden Image” "/opt/ignite/data/Rel_B.11.11/config" "/var/opt/ignite/data/Rel_B.11.11/golden_cfg" "/var/opt/ignite/data/Rel_B.11.11/my_patches_cfg""/var/opt/ignite/config.local" } … HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs

33. References • Web Docs • Main Ignite-UX website:http://www.docs.hp.com/en/IUX/ • Latest Ignite-UX Admin Guide (edition 19, June 2005):http://docs.hp.com/en/B2355-90875/index.html • Latest 11.23 HP-UX Install Guide (edition 4, May 2005):http://docs.hp.com/en/5991-0792/index.html • Latest 11.11 Enablement Matrix (required Ignite revisions)http://docs.hp.com/en/5991-1131/5991-1131.pdf • Man Pages • Basic Ignite server setup: man 5 ignite • Ignite configuration file syntax reference: man 4 instl_adm HPTF 2005 Ignite-UX: Automatic HP-UX Installs