Dr Halilu Ahmad Shaba drhalilu@yahoo

1. Dr Halilu Ahmad Shaba drhalilu@yahoo.com

2. Introduction • Disaster management • Disaster scenario • Disaster management cycle • Characteristics of disaster • Space application for disaster management • Some applications • Nigerian Space Asset • UNSPIDER • International Charter • Advantages of Space Applications • Conclusions

3. DISASTER A serious disruption of the functioning of a society with widespread human, material, or environmental losses which exceed the ability of affected society to cope using only its own resources. (UNDP) • Disaster = Hazard + Vulnerability

4. Disaster Management is the systematic observation and analysis of disasters to improve measures relating to prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response and recovery.

5. Disaster management • The range of actvities, prior and after the disaster, designed to maintain control over disasters and to provide a framework for helping at-risk persons and/or communities to avoid, minimize or recover from the impact of disaster.

6. DM cycle- 2 • Prevention • Preparedness • Relief • Rehabilitation • Reconstruction

7. Another DM Cycle • Preparedness • Mitigation • Response • Recovery

11. What is it • Where is it • Why is it • How is it …. Going on, • Who is affected • Note that all the questions deal with locations or relate to it.

12. Flood • Earthquake • Landslides • Erosion • Deforestation • Fire • What could also be people, infrastructures and properties or environment and resources • All related to locations and vulnerability can be due to proximity or characteristics of the location.

13. The points or areas of impact • The area, the locality, the state, the country • The whole state can not have flood, nor the country. Not even the local government but a part.

14. Here relate to the cause that could be answered by the hazard types and most hazards are due to the characteristic of the location or the magnitude of the event is influenced by location – example of fire with fodder, heat and oxygen, erosion with soils, slope, kinetic energy of the rain and its duration, etc.

15. How is it relate to trends and pattern, method

16. This is basically related to proximity to disaster • vulnerability

17. Loss of life - How many, where to bury them, what environmental effect, where are there properties • Loss of properties- what property is seriously damaged, which ones need to be relocated, which ones prevented effective management and passages, which ones can be used for evacuation, which ones are critical. • Injuries- where are the hospitals? • Loss and damage to infrastructures- evacuation route, power-line, communication facilities affected. • Environmental degradations- what resources or part of environment is affected and what would be the impact. • Poverty- economic aspects affected and the resources

19. Space-based Solutions … Satellite communications help warn people who are at risk, especially in remote areas They help connect a disaster zone to the outside world Images from earth observing satellites help assess the damage caused by disasters like earthquakes, volcano eruptions, oil spills and floods. Global navigation satellite systems enable us to obtain positional information on events that have to be mapped

20. Satellite data - a viable tool for experts to monitor emergencies, identify risk areas and map the extent of a disaster • An overview of the situation can be obtained quickly, as large areas can be covered in one pass, indicating zones in danger and those already affected • And once the situation has returned to normal, satellite data can be used to assess the damage, map affected regions and help devise prevention plans for the future. • It's about monitoring emergencies as they happen. It's about keeping track of a flood, alerting coastguards to pollutants in the water, detecting burning fires or assisting authorities in rebuilding after disasters

21. GPS - Global Positioning Systems • GLONASS • Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are space-based radio positioning systems that provide 24 hour three-dimensional position, velocity and time information to suitably equipped users anywhere on or near the surface of the Earth (and sometimes off the earth). Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are extended GPS systems, providing users with sufficient accuracy and integrity information to be useable for critical navigation applications.

22. Information disseminations

23. existing: NOAAH, GOES • global day and night observations • prediction/monitoring of hurricanes, typhoons, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions

24. Disaster Recovery, monitoring and preparation • Flooding • Fire Damage • Water Pollution Discharge: Storm Water Runoff • Coastal Mapping Monitoring and Bathymetry • Reconnaissance • Shipping Observation • Refugee Monitoring • Earthquakes • Communications for emergency management

25. Emergency Monitoring, Response and AssessmentSimilar to urban and suburban mapping, the high resolution imagery can provide vital and accurate inventory of asset and facility locations, evacuation routes, and vulnerability evaluations. In addition, the daily coverage will enable up-to-date monitoring during events and damage assessments immediately after.

26. Increasing urbanization, forest clear-cutting, wetland and floodplain destruction, river channelization and changing climate patterns are increasing the frequency and intensity of floods. • High resolution multispectral imagery can display detailed information concerning flooding and damage extent, • current knowledge of highway and bridge status can aid in effective transport of relief supplies. • Flood boundaries can be measured • Individual buildings and parcel boundaries can be identified for commercial and residential property damage assessment.

27. Both high and low spatial resolution imagery can be used before, during, and after a fire to measure fuel potential, access, progress, extent, as well as damage and financial loss.

28. Urban Fire Damage • In developed areas, high spatial resolution satellite imagery can serve as a valuable assessment tool both before and after a fire. • Multispectral imagery can help the user map vegetation that could fuel a fire, and proximity to housing. After a fire, the high resolution imagery shows the complete absence of vegetation and total destruction of buildings. • The combination of a digital terrain model and 1-meter imagery illustrates the difficulty of navigating fire fighting equipment and personnel through the steep terrain and narrow roads. Forest Fire Damage Assessment • For forest fire damage assessment, high resolution panchromatic imagery captures the fine detail in individual tree crowns, while the 3-meter multispectral imagery can be used to evaluate the health of the trees that survived.

29. Satellite imageries can measure impervious surfaces such as roofs, streets, and parking lots, and pervious surfaces such as tree and grass covered areas influencing urban flood.

30. Coral reefs, sea-grass beds, mangroves, salt marshes, chlorophyll, sedimentation, and development activities can be accurately located, identified and monitored. Asaba

31. Coastal areas can be evaluated for sensitivity and suitability for siting ports, tourist facilities, aquaculture and fisheries development. • 1-meter panchromatic imagery combined with the 3-5-meter blue band shows even finer detail, such as sandbars, channels, wave patterns and beach structures. Both types of multispectral imagery can penetrate to several meters in depth in areas with extremely clear, non-turbid water. Using the imagery, near and offshore shallow water depth contours can be created.

32. Monitoring departing and arriving vessels at commercial and military ports is an important factor in intelligence surveillance. By using high-resolution satellite imagery and Radar, details, such as specific identification, classification (of both ship and cargo), and arrival/departure times can be tracked. Intelligence can also be gained from vehicles, equipment, and cargo located on the surrounding loading docks.

33. Nigeria has deployed some space assets: a) Nigeriasat-1 : a LEO EO satellite launched in 2003 • Images in 3 bands ; Green, Red and NIR. • 32m resolution, 600km swath width • Part of the DMC constellation offering daily revisit • Has a nominal life span of 5years

34. Nigeriasat-2 launched 17 August 2011 • An EO satellite with enhanced features • Carries 2.5m panchromatic, 5m multispectral and 32m imaging payloads • NigeriaSat X is built by Nigerian Engineers with 22m resolution

35. Nigeriasat-1 has captured more 5000 images • Some of the images have been used in disaster related projects e.g. • Development of Early Warning Systems for Food Security in Nigeria • Modelling Hydrologic and Environmental Impact e.g.- Lake Nyos Dam Failure on Benue/Katsina-Ala Basin as ongoing.

36. Nigeria Algeria France Canada Argentina China UK Turkey India ESA USA Japan International Charter Disaster Monitoring Constellation International Crisis • Provide data as part of the DMC for DM – Katrina and Tsunami • Mapping of the Impact of Gully Erosion in South East Nigeria • Development of RS and GIS Predictive Models for Desertification Early Warning • Nigeriasat-2 will produce higher resolution imageries for similar DM operations

37. Nigcomsat-1- a communication satellite in 420E GEO launched 2007 • Hybrid (quad band) satellite • De-orbited • Primarily provides communications services • Re Launched 19 December 2011

38. Able to support required telecommunications in all phases of DM • Strategically positioned to relay information across the globe • Ku- and Ka-bands bandwidth are readily available to support DM traffic • Enhances interconnection with VSAT and USAT for remote interconnectivity in the times of disaster • Local disaster management bodies are pursuing this course • The door is also open to International bodies in charge of DM intending to subscribe to GEO communication service especially in Africa

39. Learning facilities, schools, hospitals, etc are often destroyed in times of disasters. • Telemedicine is a solution to scarce health service times of disaster. • Tele-education is a solution for learning in recovery stage of such disaster • Nigcomsat-1 supports both tele-medicine and tele-education • Validated by the NASRDA Telemedicine and tele-education projects.

40. GNSS provides position, velocity and timing information for users. • 4 satellites provide 3-D positioning • GNSS is integrateable with other systems like GIS, RS and Comms to provide enhanced services • Its well position for the use in the different phases of DM GNSS - GPS constellation GPS Satellite availability in Abuja

41. GNSS is used in Search and Rescue and relief efforts • Enable prediction of eartquakes, floods, etc • Highly dependable for Emergency response (NAVCOM) • Fire fighting operation (infrared +GPS RXs)

42. Disaster Mgt Centre #N Disaster Mgt Centre #1 A proposed ALERT messaging using NIGCOMSAT-1 • Proposed SBAS supported by Nigcomsat-1 • Can support alert messaging similar to ALIVE concept of EGNOS • Enable ease integration to CNS/ATM of ICAO • Establish DGNSS that support SAR, ER, AFREF support and map data processing • MDGNSS and GPS establishment for monitoring crustal movements and coastal dynamics (CGG, Toro) L-band global coverage

43. Gateway to space information for disaster • management support • Space • Support pp the access and share of disaster • management case studies, guides and products • • Bridge to connect the disaster management and • space communities • • Facilitate capacity‐building and institutional • strengthening

44. Seven years in the making …. (A/AC.105/893) • Mission statement: “Ensure that all countries and regional and international organisations have access to and develop the capacity to use all types of space-based information to support the full disaster management cycle”. CBERS

45. UN SPIDER Activities (A/AC.105/894) • A Gateway to Space-based Information for Disaster Management Support • Compilation of Information • Access to Information • Awareness Raising • Outreach Activities • Regional and Country Profiles • A Bridge to Connect the Disaster Management and Space Communities • 6. Support to Communities of Practice (CoP) • 7. Knowledge Management and Transfer • 8. Platform for Fostering Alliances • A Facilitator of Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening • 9. Support to National Activities • 10. Support to Establishing National Planning and Policies • 11. Support to Capacity Building

46. UN-SPIDER Cornerstones UNOOSA Vienna Beijing Office Bonn Office Geneva Liaison Office UN-SPIDER Team Network of Regional Support Offices National Focal Points

47. UN-SPIDER – Cornerstones Network of Regional Support Offices - Regional and national centres of expertise in the use of space technology in disaster management which agree to form a network for implementing the activities of the programme in their respective regions in a coordinated manner. These Regional Support Offices should be leading national or regional institutions with notable expertise in the use of space technology for disaster management. UN-SPIDER Team Network of Regional Support Offices National Focal Points

48. OOSA/Staff in Vienna UN-SPIDER Bonn Office UN-SPIDER Beijing Office RSO Algeria RSO I.R. Iran RSO Nigeria Network of Regional Support Offices

49. UN-SPIDER Cornerstones National Focal Points– the national institutions representing the disaster management and/or space application communities that are nominated by their respective government to work with UN-SPIDER to strengthen national disaster management planning and policies and in the implementation of specific national activities that incorporate space-based technology solutions to support disaster management. UN-SPIDER Team Network of Regional Support Offices National Focal Points