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Section 2 Systems technologies

Section 2 Systems technologies. Module 2.2 Basic concepts of hardware. The basic model of a computer . PROCESSING. INPUT. OUTPUT. STORAGE. COMMUNICATION. Categories of hardware inside case.

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Section 2 Systems technologies

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  1. Section 2 Systems technologies Module 2.2 Basic concepts of hardware

  2. The basic model of a computer PROCESSING INPUT OUTPUT STORAGE COMMUNICATION

  3. Categories of hardware inside case View all components you need to build you own PC at e.g. http://www.butterscotch.com/tutorial/Getting-Started-Building-Your-PC

  4. Motherboard • What is the motherboard? • Purpose the motherboard? • Where do you find the motherboard? • How do you fit the motherboard? See a video how to install motherboard inside the case e.g. http://www.butterscotch.com/tutorial/Installing-The-Motherboard-Into-Your-Case

  5. CPU • What is the role of the CPU? • Where do you fit the CPU? • Who manufactures CPUs for PCs? • Who manufactures CPUs for smartphones and consumer tablets? • What is the unit of measurement for the speed of a processor? • What can be done to prevent damage from overheating? See a video how to install CPU and fan e.g. http://www.butterscotch.com/tutorial/Preparing-The-Motherboard-And-CPU

  6. RAM: Random Access Memory • What is the role of RAM? • Whys is the data transfer between RAM and CPU is fast? • What is the effect when you increase RAM? • How do you upgrade RAM? • What does RAM is “volatile” mean? • What limits the amount of RAM you can use? Watch a video how to install memory e.g. http://www.butterscotch.com/tutorial/Installing-Your-PCs-Memory

  7. Hard disk • Physical composition of Hard Disk Drives. • Storage is not electronic on HDD. Name the type of storage • Why is the HDD slower than the RAM? • Capacity and cost of storage on HDD. • What will happen when you drop a hard drive while it is working? • Two sides of the same hard drive. View video on installing the hard drive e.g. http://www.butterscotch.com/tutorial/Installing-The-Hard-Drive

  8. Optical storage: CD / DVD / Blu-ray • How is data stored on optical drives? • Which is slower, hard disk drives or CD drives? • What is the storage capacity of CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray discs? • How do you distinguish between CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray discs just by looking at it? See how to install the CD/DVD drive at e.g. http://www.butterscotch.com/tutorial/Installing-The-Optical-Drive

  9. Solid State Drives • How do Solid State Drives (SSDs) differ from HDDs and RAM? • Which devices use SSDs? • Which is faster, SSDs or RAM or HDDs or CDs? • Comment on the cost and capacity of SSDs Listen to a discussion on solid state hard drives vs mechanical hard drives e.g. http://www.butterscotch.com/show/Mechanical-Hard-Drives-Vs-Solid-State-Drives

  10. Ports and connectorsto connect peripherals Adding extra storage using external drives is simple, fast and easy

  11. USB • Peripherals that can connect by using the USB ports. • What can you do if you do not have enough USB ports?

  12. Firewire • Where would you expect to find Firewire ports? • Which is faster – Thunderbolt, USB3, USB2, USB1 or Firewire?

  13. Thunderbolt/ Lightpeak • Launched in 2011. • Available on all new Apple computers. • Thunderbolt provides fastest external connection currently available. • The connection supplies peripherals with 10 Watts of power and speeds of up to 10 Gb/swhich can transfer a full-length HD movie in less than 30 seconds or backup 1 year of continuous MP3 playback in just over 10 minutes http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/io/thunderbolt/thunderbolt-technology-developer.html

  14. RJ45 to connect to cabled network

  15. Mini jacks for headphones and microphones

  16. Standard VGA connector

  17. Connect to Television

  18. Other connections

  19. Activity 1 Do question 1 to 10 of activity 1

  20. Categories of hardware peripherals for input

  21. Keyboard • Why do we say “QWERTY” keyboard? • What can you do if you need a keyboard on a touch screen device? • How do you connect a keyboard to the PC? Input data is text or navigation or instructions e.g. home and arrows and F1 for help

  22. Pointing devices • Mouse actions • How do Touchpads(trackpads) work? Input: the position and whether you click, right-click, double-click, drag and scroll to interact with the items on the screen, draw, move, copy, etc.

  23. Microphone • Discusss different type of microphones that are used by computers, smartphonesand media tablets Input: the sound that can be recorded or the computer can respond if it uses voice recognition.

  24. Touch screen • Name devices that use touchscreens • Discuss the gestures to control the computer on touch screens Capacitive touchscreens respond to fingers (or things that conduct electricity)

  25. Game controllers • Discuss specialised game controllers for the Xbox or PlayStations. • Discuss the Wii motion sensitive controllers • Discuss Microsoft Kinect for the Xbox users Buttons on game controller provide options like shooting and motion sensitive controllers or cameras responds to your movement to play games like tennis

  26. Camera • How do you transfer photos and video to your computer? Raw image files are sometimes called digital negatives, as they are not directly usable as an image, but has all of the information needed to create an image.

  27. Scanners • Types of scanners: • Flat bed scanners • 3D scanners • Bar-code scanners • Magnetic strip scanners • Biometric scanners • How do you edit text after scanning a document? • What is a QR code? • A QR code (abbreviated from Quick Response code) is a type of matrix barcode (or two-dimensional code) that has become popular due to its fast readability and comparatively large storage capacity.

  28. Pen Tablet • Discuss scenarios where the pen tablet (or the Tablet PC) will be most suitable and motivate your answers • Discuss the unique characteristics of a pen tablet

  29. Other input devices • Other input devices and where they are used, like • buttons, • scroll-wheels, • toggle switches, • rocker switches etc.

  30. Types of data input

  31. Text input • Other ways to input text except for typing on the keyboard • Batch scanning • Barcodes • Speech recognition

  32. Image input • Devices you can use to input video/photos • How do you connect these devices to the computer? They really have made a car that can drive itself in city traffic without causing accidents http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nYhKD8leAg

  33. Sound input • Sound is most often simply recorded • Discuss other ways in which sound input can be used, e.g. MIDI instruments, software to record and recognise sound patterns

  34. Sensor input • There are also light sensors, gyroscopes, temperature sensors, etc. that allow devices to react to their environment in ways that were not possible before. • Using the Scratch programming language you can easily create simple interactive programs based on the input from a light sensor, sound sensor, a button and a slider on a PicoBoard

  35. Activity 2: Input Answer question 1- 18 of Activity 2

  36. Categories of hardware peripherals for output

  37. Monitor or VDU • Explain the meaning of VDU, LCD, LED, CRT. • Monitors are typically classified according to: • Size • Resolution • Response time • Connectors • Contrast ratio

  38. Data projector • How does a data projector work? • Scenarios where a data projector will be suitable • Compare with Smartboard

  39. Printers • Explain hard copy and soft copy output. • Why would a small business choose a multi-function device in stead of a simple printer? • How do printers connect to computers?

  40. Main types of printers

  41. Speakers and headphones • Two factors that determine the quality of the sound output. • How to connect to electronic instruments and professional mixing boards, speakers , headphones. • Sound output can • tell you when a task starts / completes • make sounds when you click on an object • to provide text-to-speech synthesizer.

  42. Activity 3 • Answer question 1- 10 activity 3

  43. Storage • Disadvantages of optical disc drives (CD / DVD / Blu-ray) • comparatively slow • limited capacity • expensive per GB compared to magnetic storage or even Solid State Disks (SSDs). • easily damaged by being scratched or exposed to heat. • comparatively large

  44. Flash drives • Electronic storage. • Faster than optical/magnetic storage. • More expensive per GB than magnetic storage. • Less likely to be damaged. • High capacity: range in size from 1 GB upwards. • Small physical size. • Power from the computer, through the USB port.

  45. Memory cards • Digital cameras store their pictures on memory cards. • Different types. • Connect the camera to the computer with a cable (usually USB), or use a card reader.

  46. Portable hard drives • Same magnetic media as internal hard drives. • Connect via a USB, Firewire or Thunderbolt connection. • Large capacity – suited for backup. • Two types • 2.5ʺ drives: lower capacity and can run on the power that is supplied via the cable. • 3.5ʺ drives: larger capacity but needs an extra power supply.

  47. Communication • Modem (MOdulator – DEModulator) was used to convert a computer’s digital data into analogue audio signals, and vice versa. • Today data is transmitted digitally – no conversion to analogue • 3G modems • ADSL modems • Routers

  48. Activity 4 • Answer Question 1 to 9

  49. Smartphones versus computers

  50. Synchronisingyourphoneandyourcomputer • Same data on more than one device - e.g. contacts in your e-mail address book and on your phone. • If you edit the data on one device, the data on the other devices is out of date unless you synchronisethe data between devices (i.e. make sure that each device has the latest copy of the data). Software needed • DropBox - ‘Cloud Syncing’.

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