The Articles of Confederation: they were terrible

1. The Articles of Confederation: they were terrible 2010-11 APUSH

2. The Articles have many Problems • Foreign Problems • Aren’t repaying debt • Haven’t restored loyalist properties • Can’t stop England • From putting on trade restrictions • Setting up outposts in the frontier • Economic weakness • Because of Debt, in a depression • Can’t collect national taxes • States are charging each other taxes for interstate trade

3. Sets up the Annapolis Meeting Discuss problems with Articles and determined another meeting to revise them was necessary. 5 states and 12 delegates attended the meeting Washington comes to the rescue

4. Philadelphia Convention • 12 states and 55 well educated, wealthy, white delegates show up • No Rhode Island, didn’t trust the others. • Summer of 1787 • Became the Constitutional Convention • http://www.youtube.com/user/stevedancy?v=Oa_n02UoJ6A&feature=pyv

5. Secret meetings • George Washington was elected Chairmen • Leaders include: • James Madison • Ben Franklin • Gouvernor Morris • John Dickenson • Alexander Hamilton • Who is missing? And why?

7. The question was:to Revise the Articles or rewrite them? • Madison and Hamilton wanted to completely rewrite

8. They rewrite and create the American Constitution • System of Checks and Balances • Knew there was a mistrust in government

9. States’ power – 2 plans • Virginia Plan – favored larger states, based on population • New Jersey plan – favored smaller states, every state has equal representation • Compromise of Connecticut = The Great Compromise • Create 2 houses of congress

10. 3/5 compromise Why 3/5? In the AofC the north wanted slaves to count for more ¾. This would charge more taxes. As a result the south wanted them counted at ½. However in the Constitution the issue was representation. Therefore 3/5 was reached. Continue importing slaves for 20 more years then revisit issue What to do about those slaves?

11. Trade • Commercial compromise = congress regulates all interstate and international trade • Put tariffs (taxes) on imported goods, but no export taxes. • Again this was a difference in the North and South. South afraid of export taxes on Tobacco, cotton and rice

12. President has power to Veto Limited to 4 year term, but no term limits Powers and presidential elections

13. Electoral Collage Framers feared direct election was too much democracy and lead to mob rule • http://www.270towin.com/

14. Ratification of the Constitution • 9/13 of the states must ratify. • Framers were afraid they couldn’t get all states to agree

15. Ratification debate created 2 groups • Federalists • Supported constitution and a strong federal government • Mostly along the coast and in the cities • Washington, Franklin, Madison and Hamilton • Wrote the Federalist papers, which persuaded people that the Constitution was a good idea.

16. Anti-Federalists • Believed that a strong central government goes against what the revolution was all about • The Constitution limited democracy • No individual rights in the Constitution • Mostly people from the frontier and small farmers • Patrick Henry, John Hancock and George Clinton

17. http://www.ashbrook.org/constitution/ratification.html

18. Addition of the Bill of Rights • The addition of the Bill of Rights helped persuade and after almost 4 years of debate the Constitution was ratified by the last two states, North Carolina and Rhode Island in May 1790 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSA8LX0xNLg

19. So the Constitution is created; now what? Washington first president • April 30, 1789 • Organizing the Federal government • Executive Departments • Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State • Alexander Hamilton – Sec. of Treasury • Henry Knox – Sec. of War • Edmond Randolph – Attorney General

20. Federal Courts • Judiciary Act 1789 – • Set # of justices as 5 associates and 1 chief Justice • Set up 13 district courts and 3 circuit courts of appeals

21. Finances • Hamilton proposes the following • Pay off national debt at face value and federal govt. pays war states war debts • Protect nation’s industries and impose high tariffs on imports • Create a national bank • Print banknotes

22. Finances Continued • Anti-Federalists like T. Jefferson disagreed with Hamilton, therefore they compromised • Debt - Pay off national debt at face value and federal govt. pays war states war debts • As well as make the National Capital in the South • Tariffs and excise taxes – Lower then proposed, but put excise tax on Whiskey Sales • National bank – voted into law, but the Bank of the United States was privately owned, with the majority owner being the USA

23. Foreign Affairs • France is the central issue • Support France, its enemies, or stay neutral is a constant question in Washington’s and Adams’ presidency

24. French Revolution – Most American’s supported the French, but were horrified by the mob rule and executions

25. Washington remained neutral in European affairs, Jefferson quits in disagreement (he supports the French) Citizen Genet (French Minister to the USA) appealed directly to US citizens for support. Very inappropriate. Proclamation of Neutrality 1793

26. Chief Justice John Jay was sent to Britain to stop search and seizure of American Ships, talks failed but created a treaty that forced England to evacuate its frontier posts Jay Treaty 1794

27. A direct result of the Jay Treaty Spain was worried that the US was cozying up to England Opened the Lower Miss. River and New Orleans to American trade US. Southern border is at the 31st parallel Pinckney Treaty 1795 (Treaty of San Lorenzo)(the Treaty of Friendship, Limits and Navigation)

28. Native Americans American settlers continue to encroach on Indian Lands Indians are being supplied by England 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers, Native Americans are defeated Treaty of Greenville is signed Native American land is surrendered in Ohio territory Domestic Issues

29. Whiskey Rebellion 1794 • Western Pennsylvania, farmers attacked tax collectors who were collecting taxes owed on whiskey they distilled • Alexander Hamilton led 15,000 troops (more then in any battle of the Revo. War) to show the Government’s force. No bloodshed and the Rebellion was over

30. Western Lands • With Jay Treaty and Treaty of Greenville, federal government gains control over new land • Produces 3 new states • Vermont 1791 • Kentucky 1792 • Tennessee 1796

31. Federalists Loose Interpretation Strong Central Government Pro-British Large navy and army National banks and tariffs Northern businessmen and large landowners Democratic-republican Strict interpretation Pro-French Small navy and army Favor agriculture No national bank or tariffs Skilled workers, small farmers, plantation owners Formation of Political Parties

32. Washington says Adios. • Set precedence for serving only 2 terms • Farwell Address highlights 4 points • Do not get involved in European/foreign affairs • Do not make permanent alliances in foreign countries • Do not form political parties • Avoid sectionalism (loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than the nation as a whole)

34. John Adams is the 2nd president • As Federalist candidate beat T. Jefferson by 3 electoral votes • Jefferson became Vice president

35. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8U4T1IH1C8&feature=related