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Connecting to the Internet through an ISP

Connecting to the Internet through an ISP. Networking for Home & Small Business. What this Chapter is About…. Every day people are online We need to communicate Internet Service Providers (ISP) Make this possible Web of service providers You’ll see: Why ISP’s are necessary

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Connecting to the Internet through an ISP

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  1. Connecting to the Internet through an ISP Networking for Home & Small Business

  2. What this Chapter is About… • Every day people are online • We need to communicate • Internet Service Providers (ISP) • Make this possible • Web of service providers • You’ll see: • Why ISP’s are necessary • The Network Operations Centers

  3. What is the Internet • Worldwide collection of computer networks, cooperating with each other to exchange information using common standards • Network of networks that connects users in every country in the world • Do this through: • Wireless, fiber, telephone lines, satellite & more

  4. The Internet • Who owns it? • No one • There are several organizations that help manage it • Standards • Addressing

  5. Internet Organizations • ISOC Internet Society • Central leadership organization • IETF Internet Engineering Task Force • Proposes solutions to Internet problems • Recommends protocol standards • IRTF Internet Research Task Force • Researches future of Internet • How to handle transmissions during disaster • IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority • Bookkeeper of who addresses are assigned to

  6. ISP’s • What’s an ISP? • Company that provides access to the Internet • Name yours & others

  7. Connect to the ISP through POP • Point of Presence • Between your LAN & the ISP • Where you get the ISP’s services- closest point of connection

  8. High Speed Backbone

  9. Maps • http://www.telegeography.com/maps/index.php

  10. Review • Describe the Internet. • What does ISP stand for? • Internet Service Provider • What does an ISP do? • Provides connection to the Internet • What is the connection point between the ISP and your LAN? • POP

  11. Options for Connecting to the ISP • Dial-up- slowest, telephone lines • Cell Phone Modem- becoming fast • DSL- high speed over phone lines • Cable Modem- high speed over cable lines • Leased Line- high speed over dedicated digital lines, for businesses, T1 • Satellite- medium speeds

  12. Options for Connecting to the ISP • Modem is used to connect to ISP • You may have an ISR to connect multiple computers to the modem

  13. Home Service Slower speed Less expensive Less web space Fewer email addresses Business Class Faster speed More expensive More web space More email addresses SLA (Service Level Agreements) Network availability terms Service response time ISP Service Levels

  14. Asymmetric Service • Download transfer rate is different from upload rate • Common in homes, most Internet users • Download is faster

  15. Symmetric Service • Download transfer rate is same as upload rate • Common in businesses or hosting servers • Great for uploading lots of video, data, graphics

  16. Activity • Complete 4.1.5-3 • Handout Research • Go home & test your speed! • http://reviews.cnet.com/7004-7254_7-0.html End of Day One

  17. Review • Name some features that a business class ISP service would offer that home service does not. • Describe asymmetric service. • Describe symmetric service. • What is a POP? • Connection between LAN & ISP • What’s the high speed links that connect ISPs called? • backbone

  18. The Importance of IP • Internet Protocol • Uses packets to carry data • IP carries what you do on the Internet • Contains source & destination IP address

  19. IP Packet • Header contains the IP addresses & control info for routers • IP addresses MUST be unique • ISP gets blocks of addresses • Then they manage & split them up

  20. How an ISP handles Packets • Before hitting the Internet, your message is divided into small packets • Downloading a 1 MB song requires over 600 packets of 1500 bytes each • ISP determines whether packet is for local or for remote network

  21. NOC • Controls traffic flow • Uses destination IP • Has services (web hosting, email)

  22. NOC- Monitoring

  23. NOC- AT &T Monitoring

  24. Network Utilities • Ping • End-to-end connectivity • Traceroute • Traces path from source to destination • Displays each hop

  25. Traceroute • http://visualroute.visualware.com/

  26. Activities • Packet Tracer 4.2.3.2 • Lab 4.2.3.3

  27. The Internet Cloud • Many routes to a destination • Bad router- take the back road! • Cloud represents Internet or another network

  28. Devices in the Cloud • More than just routers • Tech at home must match tech at ISP • DSL connects to a DSLAM (access multiplexer) • Cable Modem connects to a CMTS (termination system) • Must have equipment to connect to other ISPs • Must handle lots of traffic, near 100% uptime, redundant

  29. Devices in the Cloud

  30. Devices in the Cloud

  31. Activity

  32. Review • A DSLAM is needed at the ISP for which technology? • DSL • What does DSL stand for? • Digital Subscriber Line • A CMTS is needed for which technology? • Cable Modem • What do you need to connect to the Internet? • IP Address, default Gateway, connection to a network, and an ISP to connect you

  33. Home & Business Devices

  34. Home & Business Environment

  35. Cables • What’s another name for cable? • Medium • Channel • Copper • Fiber Optic

  36. Network Cables

  37. Twisted Pair Cabling • Electricity over the copper wires • Pairs twisted inside jacket • Can get EMI • Crosstalk on long runs • Cat 5 has 3-4 twists per inch • Makes it more resistant to interference

  38. Kinds of Twisted Pair • UTP • Electricity • Inexpensive • Easy to install • 4 pairs of wires, color coded • RJ45 connector • Cat 5 & 5e • 100 & 1000Mbps • Cat 6 • 1000Mbps & higher

  39. Review • What connector is on UTP? • RJ45 • What is the high speed links called that connect ISPs? • Backbone • A router, switch & access point all in one is called what? • ISR

  40. Coax Cable • Transmits electricity • Better shielding than UTP • Harder to install than UTP • ISP uses these for CMTS

  41. Fiber Optic Cables • Transmits pulses of light • Used in big environments • Glass or plastic • No EMI • High speed • LAN backbone • Connect ISP to Internet • 2 fibers • Transmit & receive

  42. Fiber Optic Cables • Multimode • Less $ • Used in LANs/Campuses • 2000 meters • LED • Many paths of light • Single Mode • More $ • Connects backbone/NOCs • 3000 meters • LED laser • Single path of light

  43. Activity- Fiber or UTP?

  44. Cabling Standards • Specs for installing & testing cable • Pinouts (order of wires) • Wire sizes • Shielding • Cable lengths • Connector types • Performance limits

  45. UTP Cables • TIA/EIA • 568A • 568B

  46. Straight-Through Cable • 568B to 568B • Connect unlike devices • Computer to Hub/Switch • Switch to router port • On the PC NIC • Pins 1 & 2 transmit • Pins 3 & 6 receive

  47. Crossover Cable • 568A to 568B • Like Devices • Switch/hub port to switch/hub port • Router port to router port • PC to router port • PC to PC

  48. UTP Termination • RJ45 male connector • Jack is female

  49. Let’s make cables! • Straight-through • 568B to 568B • White-Orange • Orange • White-Green • Blue • White-Blue • Green • White-Brown • Brown

  50. Let’s make cables! • Crossover • 568B to 568A • Change Oranges & Greens on ONE SIDE! • White-Green • Green • White-Orange • Blue • White-Blue • Orange • White-Brown • Brown

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