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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Everyone Should Know First Aid. Emergency Medical System (EMS). Your role in the EMS system includes 4 basic steps Recognize an emergency exists Decide to act Activate the EMS system Give care until help arrives. Step 1 Recognizing an emergency. Unusual sights

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Everyone Should Know First Aid

  2. Emergency Medical System (EMS) • Your role in the EMS system includes 4 basic steps • Recognize an emergency exists • Decide to act • Activate the EMS system • Give care until help arrives

  3. Step 1 Recognizing an emergency • Unusual sights • Unusual appearances or behaviors • Unusual odors • Unusual noises

  4. Step 2 Decide to Act • In order to help in an emergency you must act • Most common reasons why people don’t help • The presence of other people • Being unsure of the ill or injured person’s condition • Type of injury or illness • Fear of catching a disease • Fear of doing something wrong • Fear of being sued • Being unsure of when to call 911

  5. Step 3 Activate the EMS System • Call 9-1-1 • Know your local emergency numbers

  6. Getting Permission • Before giving care to a conscious adult you must permission “consent” • Identify yourself • Tell them what you are trained in • What you think is wrong • What you plan on doing • If they refuse care at least notify 9-1-1 • If they are unconscious or can not respond consent is implied

  7. Step 4 Give Care Until Help Arrives • Examples • CPR/First Aid • Making victim comfortable • Meet EMS out at the curb • Direct traffic • Keep onlookers away

  8. Getting permission • Conscious Child or infant you need permission from a parent or guardian. • If a parent refuses notify 9-1-1 • If a parent is not present and the situation is life threaten consent is implied

  9. How Disease Spreads • Infectious diseases spread from person to person by bacteria and viruses • Bacteria can live outside the body • Viruses live on other organisms, once in the body they are hard to remove • They are spread through touching breathing and biting

  10. If you touch an infected person blood or bodily fluid with an open wound, cut, or cracked skin, you can be infected • Common cold • Breathing in droplets in the air, someone sneezing • Touching objects that have been exposed to droplets

  11. Animal or human bites • Getting a disease this way is rare • Some may give you flu a like disease • Can create discomfort but often temporary • Usually not serious for healthy adults

  12. Others are more Serious • Hepatitis B (HBV) • Hepatitis C (HCV) • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) • Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) • These are not easily transmitted • Blood to blood contact

  13. HIV, AIDS and You • AIDS is caused by HIV • Damages the immune system • Many don’t know they have it • They don’t look or feel sick • AIDS eventually develops into infections which lead to death • Currently there is no vaccine

  14. Transmission During First Aid • Unprotected direct contact with infected blood • Blood splashes in responder’s eye • Touching infected person’s body fluids • Unprotected indirect contact with infected blood • Touching contaminated objects

  15. Precautions • Risk of transmission during first aid is low • Give care in ways that protect you and the victim • Wash hands before and after giving care • Wear protective gear and use barriers • Avoid contact with blood and other body fluids • Dispose properly of all material used in giving care

  16. Cleaning up Blood Spills • Clean up immediately • Use disposable gloves and protective equipment • Use paper towel • Use a chlorine/water solution to clean • Wait 10 minutes • Dispose of all contaminated material

  17. Good Samaritan Laws • All 50 states have it • Protects people who provide care without accepting anything in return • Protects citizens who act the in a reasonable and prudent manner

  18. Examples • Move a person only if their life is in danger • Ask permission before giving care • Check for life-threatening conditions before giving further care • Call 9-1-1 • Continue to give care until trained personnel arrive

  19. Protection in Lawsuits • Non-professional who responds to emergencies (lay responder) is rarely sued for helping in an emergency • Good Samaritan laws protect responders from financial responsibility

  20. You are not protected • Abandoning a victim after starting care • Reckless responders • Taking unnecessary measures to give care • Negligent responders • Moving a person without cause

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