The six branches Science we will cover:

1. The six branches Science we will cover: 1. Geology – study of earth’s origin, history, structure 2. Meteorology -- The study of Earth’s atmosphere, weather, & climate. 3. Oceanography - The study of Earth’s oceans. 4. Astronomy - The study of everything outside of Earth’s atmosphere. 5. Environmental Science - The study of earth’s natural resources 6. Chemistry – The study of elements and their interactions.

2. “The Scientific Method” A. What is the scientific method? 1. The scientific method is a systematic approach to solving scientific problems. B. Terms you need to know when using the scientific method. 1. Hypothesis- A proposed solution to a problem. 2. Theory- A logical explanation for an event that occurs in nature. 3. Law- A theory that is accepted as fact over many tests. 4. Control- An experiment run without a variable. 5. Scientific Method – Process of problem solving

3. The Steps of the scientific method! 1. Identify or state the problem. 2. Gather information on the problem. 3. Form a hypothesis. 4. Run the test or experiment. 5. Record & analyze your data. 6. State your conclusion. 7. Repeat your experiment if necessary.

4. Types of Variables When conducting an experiment there are 2 types of variables. 1. Independent variable (Manipulated variable) -- the factor scientists change 2. Dependent variable (Responding Variable) -- factor that scientist measure as a result Example: Does warm water freeze faster than cold water? Independent variable = temperature of water Dependent variable = time it takes to freeze

5. Scientific Method SpongeBob loves to garden and wants to grow lots of pink flowers for his pal Sandy. He bought a special Flower Power fertilizer to see if it will help plants produce more flowers. He plants two plants of the same size in separate containers with the same amount of potting soil. He places one plant in a sunny window and waters it every day with fertilized water. He places the other plant on a shelf in a closet and waters it with plain water every other day. What did SpongeBob do wrong? What should SpongeBob do to test the Flower Power fertilizer?

6. Scientific Method • Mr. Krabs created a secret ingredient for a breath mint that he thinks will “cure” the bad breath people get from eating crabby patties at the Krusty Krab. He asked 100 customers with a history of bad breath to try his breath mint. He had 50 eat a breath mint after they finished eating a crabby patty. (Group A) The other 50 also received a breath mint after they finished the sandwich, however, it was just a regular mint and did not have the secret ingredient. (Group B) Both groups were told that they were getting the min that would cure their bad breath. 2 hours after eating the crabby patties, 30 customers in Group A and ten customers in Group B reported having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby patties.

7. Which people are in the control group? Those that received regular mints What is the independent variable? The secret ingredient mint What is the dependent variable? Whether they had fresher breath or not What should Mr. Krab’s conclusion be? The secret ingredient worked Why do you think 10 people in group B reported fresher breath? They didn’t normally eat breath mints, ect

8. Scientific Method SpongeBob noticed that his favorite pants were not as clean as they used to be. His friend Sandy told him that he should try using Clean-O detergent, a new laundry soap she found at Sail-Mart. SpongeBob made sure to wash one pair of pants in plain water and another pair in water with the Clean-O detergent. After washing both pairs of pants a total of three times, the pants washed in the Clean-O detergent did not appear to be any cleaner then pants washed in plain water.

9. What was the problem SpongeBob wanted to investigate? Whether the Clean-O worked better What is the independent variable? Type of detergent What is the dependent variable? How clean his pants came out What should SpongeBob conclusion be? Clean-O does not work any better

10. Scientific Method Patrick loves bubble gum and would like to be able to blow bigger bubbles than anyone else in Bikini Bottom. To prepare for the Bikini Bottom Big Bubble contest he bought five different types of gum and needs your help to find the brand that creates the biggest bubbles. Write an experiment to test the bubble power of the bubble gum brands and help Patrick win the contest.

11. “The Metric System” A. Why do we need to learn the metric system? 1. So scientists can communicate with each other. 2. One universal language. B. The metric system is a decimal system. 1. Our money system is an example of a decimal system.

12. Scientific Measurement

13. “Types of Metric Measurements” A. Length - How long or wide something is. 1. The meter (m) is used to measure length when using the metric system. 2. How do you use the prefixes? a.) 1000m = ________1________km b.) 100m = ________1________hm c.) 10m = ________1________dam d.) .1m = ________1________dm e.) .01m = ________1________cm f.) .001m = ________1________mm

14. B. Mass- The measure of the amount of matter in an object. 1. The gram (g) is used to measure mass when using the metric system. 2. How do you use the prefixes? a.) 1000g = ________1________kg b.) 100g = ________1________hg c.) 10g = ________1________dag d.) .1g = ________1________dg e.) .01g = ________1________cg f.) .001g = ________1________mg