Internet Society’s Public Policy Goals

1. New Medium vs. Old Models: Policy and Standards for the Next Generation Internet Michael R. NelsonVice President, PolicyInternet SocietyITU, Geneva23 March 2006 ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

2. Internet Society’s Public Policy Goals Ensuring: • Ability to Connect => preserve end-to-end • Ability to Speak => oppose censorship • Ability to Innovate => open standards • Ability to Share => ensure fair use • Ability to Choose => foster competition • Ability to Trust => security and reliability ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

3. Standards (IETF) Internet-related Policy Internet Policy Internet Management (ICANN) ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

4. Bottom Line A PROFOUND PARADIGM SHIFT • As important as the World Wide Web was in 1995 • New approaches to policy are essential • It’s not about imposing old broadcasting or telephony regulations on the Net ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

5. TIME FOR A QUIZ ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

6. Question 1 – Defining Terms What is the Next Generation Network? • A replacement for the Internet • An effort to resurrect the Intelligent Network, give more control to phone companies, and hinder new entrants • An effort to make government wiretaps easier • A vague, but useful, marketing term • An excuse for lots of working group meetings • An important effort to help ISPs build and manage their networks • An effort to promote key Internet standards ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

7. Question 2 – Defining Terms What is the Next Generation Internet (NGi)? • A replacement for the Internet • A vague, but useful, marketing term • A justification for lots of conferences • A collection of new Internet technologies and standards that will accelerate the evolution of the Internet and development of exciting new Internet applications ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

8. Components of the NGi -- Web 2.0 ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

9. Components of the NGi (continued) • IPv6 • All-optical, gigabit networks • Broadband wireless (WiMax) • Widespread, standards-based authentication • 100s of billions of sensors and devices • Distributed computing (e.g. Grid) ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

10. ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

11. Number of nodes ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

12. Question 3 – Internet Governance Who controls the Internet? • Governments • Telecommunications companies • IT companies • Users • Everyone and no one ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

13. “Phone governance” (1970): Who made choices about phone service? Hundreds of governments Hundreds of government-run telephone companies International Telecommunication Union (“subscribers”) ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

14. Who makes choices about the Net? Millions of Internet users Thousands of IT vendors, network providers, ISPs… Hundreds of governments and national consortia Dozens of intergovernmental organizations, standards bodies, and international NGOs ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

15. Question 4 - Levers Rank in order of importance: • Government Policy • Technical Standards • Business Practices ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

16. Key organizations affecting Internet industry Internet Standards IETF IEEE W3C ITU-T WTO Allocation of Internet resources National governments ICANN RIRs registries UN agencies OECD EU Government Policy and Regulation ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

17. Critical technology choices • Authentication and directories • Privacy-enhancing technologies (P3P) • Digital Rights Management • Filtering technologies to block spam, porn • Voice over IP • Wireless Internet standards • Web services and Grid computing • Instant messaging • IPv6 deployment • Linking the phone network and the Internet • Rich media standards (SIP, multicast, etc.) • End-to-end vs. walled gardens ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

18. Tech answers to policy problems • Privacy P3P, etc. • Piracy DRM • Pornography Filtering technologies • Protection Authentication • Pricing Grid standards • Policing Wireless Internet • Psychology Phone-Net merger • Procurement Voice over IP • Payments • Protectionism ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

19. Question 5 – Focus for Policymakers To spur development of the Next Generation Internet, policymakers need to focus on: • Controlling ICANN and the Domain Name System • Regulating the price of Internet service • Controlling content broadcast over the Internet • Funding new universal service schemes • Setting national Internet standards • Fostering competition and innovation • Supporting open global standards openly developed • Supporting open source • Supporting open markets • Supporting R&D, education, & e-government applications • Enforcing competition laws • Opening up more spectrum ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

20. Question 6 – Focus for Standards bodies To spur the growth and deployment of the Next Generation Internet, standards bodies need to: • Compete and cooperate • Avoid comprehensive, one-size-fits-all solutions • Encourage experimentation and flexibility • Avoid creating “control points” • Strive for standards that are royalty-free and can be implemented in open source software • Factor in policy and business considerations • Involve a wider community of “stakeholders” (users, LDCs) • All of Above ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

21. Standards that work Historical Case Studies: • OSI vs. TCP/IP • WAP vs. WiFi • HDTV vs. Internet video • Electronic authentication • Digital Rights Management Good policy > Good standards > Happy users ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

22. BACKGROUND SLIDES ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

23. Layers of the Information Society Education and training Software, e-business, and content Computer hardware Internet Telecommunications networks Rule of Law (contracts, anti-corruption, etc.) ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

24. What’s New Now? • 1 billion PCs >> trillions of devices, sensors • Web >> Web Services, Grid • Communications media > Computing Platform • One-to-one + One-to-many >> Many-to-many • Megabit networks > all-optical gigabit networks • WiFi >> broadband wireless (e.g. WiMax) • Open standards openly developed + open source ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

25. Locus of Decision-making International Regional National Company/Local Individual Spectrum policy Trade policy Internet standards Cyber-crime DNS IP addresses Development aid Online taxes Censorship Telecom regulation Spam E-government Cyber-security On-line privacy No government All government Degree of government involvement ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

26. Locus of Decision-making (Many different decisions in many different places) International Regional National Company/Local Individual Spam No government All government Degree of government involvement ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

27. Locus of Decision-makingTelephony Governance International Regional National Company/Local Individual Country codes Spectrum policy Trade policy Accounting Rates Telephony standards Taxation Telecom regulation No government All government Degree of government involvement ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

28. Locus of Decision-making Where “Internet governance” is needed International Regional National Company/Local Individual Spectrum policy Trade policy Internet standards Cyber-crime DNS IP addresses Development aid Online taxes Censorship Telecom regulation Spam E-government Cyber-security On-line privacy No government All government Degree of government involvement ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

29. Where are we headed? Global “Internet governance” International Regional National Company/Local Individual Scenario #2 Scenario #1 Scenario #3 No government All government Degree of government involvement ITU Workshop on NGN Policy

30. POLICY Top-down Hundreds of experts One-size-fits-all answer Treaties 1-10 years Lawyers, politicians Precedent Certainty, “coherence” MARKETS Bottom-up Millions of buyers Competing solutions Products and standards <2 years Engineers, entrepreneurs Innovation Choice, openness Clash of Models ITU Workshop on NGN Policy