HISTORY

1. PEI AFRICA REGIONAL ECONOMICS FORUM UNDP-UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE (PEI): HISTORY & OBJECTIVES

2. HISTORY • UNDP PEI - KENYA, TANZANIA, VIETNAM FUNDED BY EC & DFID • UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT PILOT PROJECT - KENYA, UGANDA, TANZANIA, RWANDA, MOZAMBIQUE, MALI, MAURITANIA – FUNDED BY NORWAY & BELGIUM • GOVERNMENT & DONOR CONCERNS • RESTRUCTURING OF UNEP P&E PROJECT • UNDP & UNEP COMBINED EFFORTS TO FORM THE JOINT UNDP-UNEP PEI IN AFRICA – SEPTEMBER 2005 • JOINT MANAGEMENT, PROGRAMMING, BUDGETING & STAFF HIRING • EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF INTER-AGENCY CO-OPERATION – EXAMPLE OF UN REFORM • LESSONS LEARNT KEY TO DEVELOPING PEI SCALE-UP – LAUNCHED FEB 2007 –STARTED 2008 • SCALE-UP TO OTHER REGIONS – ASIA, LAC, EE & CIS • THREE NEW PEI COUNTRIES IN AFRICA: MALAWI, BOTSWANA & BURKINA FASO. + TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO LIBERIA • DONOR SUPPORT BECAUSE JOINT UNDP-UNEP PROGRAMME & P-E MAINSTREAMING

3. UNDP-UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE (PEI): WHAT WE DO The UNDP-UNEP PEI supports governments to: Include pro-poor environmentally sustainable natural resource use as a core objective in development planning & implementation Build capacity so that decision-makers know : How pro-poor environmental sustainability contributes to development & How to include pro-poor environmental sustainability in development planning & implementation.

4. UNDP-UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE (PEI): WHY WE DO IT • Unsustainable use of the environment reduces the social & economic benefits produced • E.G. People get sick & die, farmers grow less & earn less • Development is hindered by environmental damage • The contribution of environment to social & economic development is often poorly understood • Environmental sustainability not operationally integrated into national development processes (e.g. PRSPs): Words but not action.

5. EXAMPLES OF POVERTY-ENVIRONMENT LINKS • First picture shows a grossly polluted canal • The 2nd is people living next to that canal & using this polluted water – because they do not have any other source of water. • So they get sick from water borne diseases & malaria – ie pollution causes sickness & the costs associated with that • The 3rd picture is of a very steep hillside – soil erosion is a major problem • Soil erosion reduces agricultural productivity & causes silting of hydro electricity reservoirs = decreased electricity production

9. Sun Tzu: “Always Start With the End in Mind” -THE RESULTS WE WANT TO ACHIEVE • Pro-poor environmentally sustainable natural resource use is included as objective/outcome etc in national & sector development plans • There are indicators attached to these objectives/outcomes • These indicators are included in the M & E plan • Sector Plans are developed & Budgets are allocated to achieve the objectives • Budgets in sectors – not just environment ministries – are allocated to achieve sustainable natural resource use • Increased donors support • Longer term capacity building programme for the ENR sector is put in place

10. WHAT HAS BEEN ACHIEVED? • SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SUSTAINABILITY CAN HELP ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT GOALS • ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY INCLUDED AS AN OBJECTIVE IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS • PARTIAL OPERATIONALISATION OF SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES – E.G. INCREASED BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY • BUT RESULTS VARY BY COUNTRY – FAILURE IN SOME COUNTRIES • NORWEGIAN EVALUATION FINDINGS REFLECT THE ABOVE

11. General Programming Approach • Country programme preparation: Developing country PEI programme in a bottom-up process based on national development priorities and processes. • Country programme implementation - Phase I • Identifying links between environmental management & achievement of development targets • Operational integration of pro-poor environmental sustainability into national development plans • Country programme implementation - Phase II • Strengthening country capacity to integrate pro-poor environment into development processes at national & sectoral levels • Strengthened domestic revenue base for environmental investments (reducing dependence on donors) • Catalytic Approach: Seeking to change priorities so others (Govt, donors) increase invest in pro-poor environmentally sustainable natural resource use.

12. ECONOMICS IN PEI COUNTRY PROGRAMMES ECONOMICS VITAL FOR MAKING THE CASE – E.G. ‘I KNOW BECAUSE OF SOIL EROSION MY COUNTRY HAS TO PAY MORE FOR FERTILISER’ FORMER MIN OF FINANCE, MALAWI PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEWS, ECONOMICS INSTRUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL FISCAL REFORM & BUDGETING KEY TOOLS IN TURNING WORDS INTO ACTION INCREASING EMPHASIS ON ABOVE IN PEI AFRICA COUNTRY PROGRAMMES SOME MAJOR SUCCESSES, SOME RELATIVE FAILURES, MOVING INTO NEW FIELDS = TIME TO ASSESS, LEARN & IMPROVE = THIS FORUM

13. ECONOMICS FORUM OBJECTIVES • To review PEI country experience and lessons learned in relation to: • Economic assessments/valuation of environment and natural resource • Budget guidelines and public expenditure reviews on environment expenditures & • Environmental fiscal reform (promoting the use of economic instruments for sustainable utilization of environment and natural resources) • To determine harmonized approaches and methodologies based on best practice • To explore partnership opportunities with national, regional and global institutions

14. ECONOMICS FORUM OBJECTIVES • LESSON LEARNING • WHAT HAS WORKED, WHAT HASN’T & WHY • HOW CAN WE HAVE GREATER IMPACT IN TERMS OF INCREASING INVESTMENTS IN PRO-POOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE USE?