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Personal Protection From Arthropods

Personal Protection From Arthropods. Objective هدف. Explain how to use personal protective measures to minimize the risk of arthropod bites and vector borne diseases. Overview مرور. Effectiveness Techniques. Can this hurt you?. Sandfly. Sure Can!!!.

philip-herring
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Personal Protection From Arthropods

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  1. Personal ProtectionFrom Arthropods

  2. Objective هدف • Explain how to use personal protective measures to minimize the risk of arthropod bites and vector borne diseases.

  3. Overview مرور • Effectiveness • Techniques

  4. Can this hurt you? Sandfly

  5. Sure Can!!! CutaneousLeishmaniasis lesion on arm

  6. Military Impact of Diseases and Non-Battle Injuries • World War II: ~90% of hospital cases due to diseases, most arthropod-borne. • Korea: ~60%. • Vietnam: ~64%. • Desert Shield/Storm -- ~68%-- short, relatively “clean,” reduced vector-borne disease potential. • Afghanistan: ~95% of cases due to infectious diseases (diarrhea, influenza, etc.)

  7. Chemoprophylaxis and Vaccinations • Chemoprophylaxis: • Chemical ingested before exposure to a disease causing organism, circulates in the body and kills the pathogen • Does not change the immune system, thus requiring continued use before, during, and after the deployment • Examples: Chloroquine, Mefloquine, Doxycycline

  8. Chemoprophylaxis and Vaccinations Cont… • Vaccinations: • Live or killed disease organisms introduced before exposure to a disease • Change the immune system, allowing the body’s natural defenses to resist the disease • Examples: Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis

  9. Dwelling Places Avoidance • Places where pests occur • Always check yourshoes…and clothes…and sleeping bag, etc…. • Avoid Breeding Places • Avoid Habitats • Natural and man-made habitats • Check often for pests on or around your person • Check others for pests • Remove pests by picking them off, or with sticky tape, lint roller, etc.

  10. Avoid Times of Peak Abundance • Aedes-dusk/dawn, some day feeders • Anopheles-dusk/dawn • Culex-dusk/dawn and night

  11. Barriers • Oils, example: Baby Oil • Screens • Bed Net • Properly Set up • Be sure the net is suspended • Tucked in, away from skin • Treated with permethrin • Head Net • Suspended on head with hat band • Tucked into shirt collar

  12. Barriers: The Uniform • Proper Field Wear • Pants tucked into and bloused over boots • Ticks and other arthropods move up • Sleeves rolled down • Proper fit • Collar up and buttoned if necessary

  13. Repellents • Chemicals that repel attacking insects and other arthropods when applied to skin, clothing, or other surfaces. • Two modes of action: • Vaporepellent -- repels in dispersed form e.g DEET • Excitorepellent -- requires contact with concentrate e.g Permethrin

  14. Repellents • Many formulations and brands • DEET – skin and/or clothing application • Exposed skin • On personal netting (i.e. head nets) • May damage some clothing items… • Extended duration (33%) is safe and effective for 6-12 hours • Can be used with a sun screen, although the effectiveness of each will be slightly reduced. • Apply the sun screen first, then the DEET lotion

  15. Repellents • Permethrin – • Fabric application only! • Clothing treatment • Personal netting • Bed net, tent • Also “civilian” clothing – cotton and cotton-polyester outerwear items

  16. PermethrinAerosal • 1 aerosol can will treat 1 set of Uniforms (1 shirt & 1 pair of trousers) using about ¾ can • Do not treat underwear, socks, hat, etc.! • Treat outdoors, stay upwind, wear gloves or use a stick or hanger to handle the wet clothing • Use remainder on bet net • Let the uniform dry in a well-ventilated place! • Effective for 6 weeks or 6 launderings

  17. Individual Dynamic Absorption (IDA) Kit • Treat the shirt and pants according to the directions on the kit • Do not treat underwear, socks, hat, etc.! • Use kit gloves! • Let the uniform dry in a well-ventilated place! • Lasts for the life of the uniform • 50 washes • Mark with date treated

  18. Deet and Permethrin Use No. of bites in an 8-9 hr day % Reduction in No. of Bites (Protection) %Bites on exposed skin % Bites through uniform Untreated uniform no Deet on skin 17 N/A 2,287 83 Untreated uniform Deet on skin 96 88 99 12 Treated uniform no Deet on skin 98 0.01 54 99.99 2 99.94 100 0 Treated uniform + Deet on skin

  19. Education The most important way to protect yourself and a “Force Multiplier”

  20. Summary • Effectiveness • Techniques

  21. Questions? سوالات

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