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Lab 1

Lab 1. Introduction to SAS. Getting Started. Open use labs or bookstore SAS windows Program (editor) Window Log Window (info about your program) Output Window (results) Help. Example: Program Editor. DATA D1; INPUT A 1 B 3 ; CARDS ; 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 2 3 1 3 2 1 1 2 4 4

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Lab 1

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  1. Lab 1 Introduction to SAS

  2. Getting Started • Open use labs or bookstore • SAS windows • Program (editor) Window • Log Window (info about your program) • Output Window (results) • Help

  3. Example: Program Editor DATA D1; INPUT A 1 B 3; CARDS; 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 2 3 1 3 2 1 1 2 4 4 2 2 PROCprint; RUN; Data Step (cannot be more than 8 characters and begins with a letter) SAS Grammar: the semicolon. Data Data and Proc steps. Proc Step

  4. Program Editor Notes • Functions: • Describe data • Manipulate data • Tell SAS what analysis you want • All caps and indent, makes it easier to read • Color codes are helpful (8.0), watch out for red • DATA, Run, and PROC statements – dark blue • Other SAS commands, ex. infile, cards – royal blue • Options, variable names, ect – black • Data you input – yellow • Comments – green (put “*” before and “;” after for comments) • SAS doesn’t recognize – red

  5. Program Editor (Cont.) • OPTIONS LINESIZE=80 PAGESIZE=60 NODATE; • Linesize must be between 64 and 256 • “Recall last submit” button if you want to get the program you just entered back. (Run menu) • Write stream of numbers at top so you can tell what column you are in and then erase it before you run it. 123456789012345678901234567890

  6. Example: Log with no errors 292 DATA D1; 293 INPUT A 1 B 3; 294 CARDS; NOTE: The data set WORK.D1 has 10 observations and 2 variables. NOTE: DATA statement used: real time 0.04 seconds 305 PROC PRINT; 306 RUN; NOTE: There were 10 observations read from the data set WORK.D1. NOTE: PROCEDURE PRINT used: real time 0.11 seconds

  7. Example: Log with error 501 DATA D1; 502 INPUT A 1 b 3; NOTE: SCL source line. 503 1 2 - 180 ERROR 180-322: Statement is not valid or it is used out of proper order. … 513 ; ERROR: No CARDS or INFILE statement. NOTE: The SAS System stopped processing this step because of errors. WARNING: The data set WORK.D1 may be incomplete. When this step was stopped there were 0 observations and 2 variables. WARNING: Data set WORK.D1 was not replaced because this step was stopped. NOTE: DATA statement used: real time 0.11 seconds 514 PROC print; 515 RUN; NOTE: There were 10 observations read from the data set WORK.D1. NOTE: PROCEDURE PRINT used: real time 0.00 seconds

  8. Notes on Log • Always check log. Look for red (errors) and green (warnings) writing. • Blue writing is providing you with information. • You can make errors that won’t show on your log. • Always do a proc print statement to make sure you inputted your data correctly. • If there are errors, look for missing “;” first. • You can clear your log and output – new button.

  9. Example: Output The SAS System 15:16 Monday, January 6, 2003 37 Obs A 1 1 2 2 3 2 4 3 5 2 6 1 7 2 8 1 9 4 10 2

  10. Describe how to read data • Input X; [read numbers and assign them to a variable called X] • Data manipulation, variable creation, simple computation • Input X; *input a variable called X; • Y = X + 2; *create Y by adding 2 to X; • Cards; * data go next , right after cards;

  11. Input Statement • Free format (blank space represents new variable) • Input X Y Z A1 A2 A3; • Easy but problem with missing data • Example: 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 • Problem comes when: 1 2 4 5 6 1 3 4 5 6 • Solve problem with: 1 2 . 4 5 6 1 . 3 4 5 6

  12. Input Statement (2) • Column Format • Input A 1 B 2-3 C 10-15; • Alpha variables ($): Input Name $ 1-20; • Pointing (@): Input Name $ 1-20 @23 A2; • Record Number (#): Input Name $ 1-20 #2 SSN 21-29; • Example: Susan Smith 555123456 Tim Smith 555234567

  13. Input Statement (3) • Fixed format (informat). • Input Name $ 1-10 A1 11 A2 12 A3 13; • Input Name $ 1-10 (A1-A3)(1.0); • 1234567890123 • Barney 523 • Input Name $ 1-10 (A4-A5)(5.2); • 12345678901234567890 • Barney 52356 2345

  14. Input Statement (4) • Combining formats • SAS allows mixing different formats, e.g., • Input A1 14 @50 (T1-T10)(1.0) @70 S1; • CARDS statement • Data D1; Input X Y; CARDS; data… • INFILE statement; • Data D1; • INFILE ‘C:\My Documents\SASfiles\stuff.dat’; • Input X Y Z; PROC Print; Note that INFILE goes BEFORE INPUT but CARDS goes AFTER INPUT.

  15. Recoding • Create an array to recode: ARRAY A I4 I5 I6; DO OVER A; A = 6–A; END; • This is an Array called “A”. It has three items and it is taking each item in the array and subtracting it from 6. • You want to include this statement between your input and cards statements.

  16. Arithmetic Operations • Addition: + • Subtraction: - • Multiplication: * • Division: / • Power (exponent): ** • Example: Scale = A1 + A2 + A3 Scale = Sum(of A1-A3) Ignores missing values.

  17. Notes on Homework Assignments • Due at the beginning of each class. Drop box or e-mail electronic information. • I recommend that you copy and paste your output into a word file so that you can edit and shrink it down.

  18. SAS example • Example • Col 1-4: Birthdate • Col 6: Sex 0=M, 1=F • Col 8: Number of siblings • Data: 1953 0 3 1966 1 3 1973 0 0

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