1 / 15

Son of the South

Son of the South. John C. Calhoun as a Case Study for Antebellum U.S. History. Purpose and Objective. Students appreciate a good character in history. John C. Calhoun is the near-absolute perfect character for the Antebellum period.

rachel
Download Presentation

Son of the South

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Son of the South John C. Calhoun as a Case Study for Antebellum U.S. History

  2. Purpose and Objective • Students appreciate a good character in history. • John C. Calhoun is the near-absolute perfect character for the Antebellum period. • Hook students on the character of Calhoun by introducing Calhoun. • Calhoun has a deep footprint on major historical events of the Antebellum period. • Connect Calhoun as a tragic character with strengths and weaknesses to the brewing sectional conflict in the United States.

  3. Standards • SS.8.A.1.5 Identify, within both primary and secondary sources, the author, audience, format, and purpose of significant historical documents. • SS.8.A.1.7 View historic events through the eyes of those who were there as shown in their art, writings, music, and artifacts. • SS.8.A.4.1 Examine the causes, course, and consequences of United States westward expansion and its growing diplomatic assertiveness. • SS.8.A.4.2 Describe the debate surrounding the spread of slavery into western territories and Florida. • SS.8.A.4.3 Examine the experiences and perspectives of significant individuals and groups during this era of American History. • SS.8.A.4.5 Explain the causes, course, and consequences of the 19th century transportation revolution on the growth of the nation’s economy. • SS.8.A.4.8 Describe the influence of individuals on social and political developments of this era in American History. • SS. 8.A.5.1 Explain the causes, course, and consequence of the Civil War. • SS.8.A.5.2 Analyze the role of slavery in the development of sectional conflict. • SS.912.A.1.2 Utilize a variety of primary and secondary sources to identify author, historical significance, audience, and authenticity to understand a historical period. • SS.912.A.1.6 Use case studies to explore social, political, legal, and economic relationships in history. • SS.912.A.2.1 Review the causes and consequences of the Civil War.

  4. The Famous Calhoun Circa 1849

  5. Background • Born in 1782 in Abbeville, South Carolina • Labored on the family farm • Scotch-Irish descent • Part of Ulster Scot migration • Attended Yale and Litchfield Law School • Southern families of means sent sons to Northern schools given lack of promotion of education in the South • Litchfield - first law school in U.S. • Aaron Burr an alum

  6. War of 1812 - War Hawk • Elected to House in 1810 to South Carolina’s 6th District as Democratic-Republican • Excellent orator and organizer despite lack of charm • Became a War Hawk leader along with Henry Clay • Chairman of Foreign Affairs Committee • Defend American honor against British • New England objected given pro-British views

  7. Post-War of 1812 Nationalism • Along with Henry Clay, Calhoun pursued nationalist policies • Development of infrastructure • Bonus Bill of 1817 - vetoed • Public works and transportation • Protective tariffs • Develop domestic industries • Hurts agricultural sector • National bank • Missouri Compromise of 1820 • Proposed by Henry Clay • Calhoun supported as a nationalist solution to avoid sectional conflict of slavery • South objected given limitation of slavery

  8. Secretary of War (1817-1825) • During the Era of Good Feelings • Demanded extensive reorganization and development of nation’s military while supporting nationalist policies • Developed bureaucracies in War Department • Bureau of Indian Affairs (1824) • Seminole Wars • Requested censure of Andrew Jackson due to invasion of Florida in 1818

  9. Election of 1824 • Almost ran as President but settled for Vice Presidency • Election of 1824 • 4 candidates: Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, Andrew Jackson • Corrupt Bargain • Split D-R into Jacksonian Democrats and National Republicans • South Carolina unanimously voted Jackson • Calhoun won VP by landslide as Adams running mate • Disillusioned by Corrupt Bargain • Turned away from National Republican platform • Ran and won as Jackson running mate in Election of 1828

  10. Petticoat Affair/Peggy Eaton Affair • Peggy Eaton married John Henry Eaton, a close friend of Jackson • Eaton’s personal influence and “quick” marriage led to Cabinet wives and officials to denounce her including Calhoun • Resulting scandal led to Cabinet resignations • Development of Jackson’s Kitchen Cabinet • Eventual rise of Martin van Buren

  11. Nullification Crisis • Tariff of 1828 aka Tariff of Abominations • Protective tariff of historically high rates • Britain cut off cotton imports; South bought from North at higher prices • South Carolina Exposition and Protest • Based on Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Nullification: state vetoes federal law as unconstitutional • Concurrent majority • Jefferson Day Dinner (1830) • Jackson: “Our Union: It must be preserved.” • Calhoun: “The Union, next to our liberty, most dear. May we all remember that it can only be preserved by respecting the rights of the States…” • Nullifier Party • Force Bill • South Carolina legislature nullified Tariff of 1828 • Congress authorized Jackson’s military use to enforce federal laws • South Carolina legislature nullified Force Bill • Calhoun first VP to resign office • Tariff of 1833 • Compromise by Henry Clay to reduce rates over the next decade to appease Jackson and Calhoun

  12. U.S. Senator (1832-1843) • Merged Nullifier Party with Whigs in opposition to Jackson Democrats • Issue of slavery and states’ rights drove Calhoun to become a Democrat • “Slavery A Positive Good” Speech

  13. Secretary of State (1844-1845) • Appointed by John Tyler, a pro-Democratic Whig • Oregon Dispute • Avoided war with Britain by acknowledging 49th parallel • Annexation of Texas (1845) • Opportunity to expand Slave Power • No treaty, but proposed joint resolution • Led to war with Mexico

  14. Conflict Over Slavery • Opposed war with Mexico as threat to states’ rights and slavery • Viewed party systems as a threat to sovereignty and welfare of states • Rejected Compromise of 1850 • Endorsed reinforced Fugitive Slave Law

  15. The End • Calhoun died March 31, 1850 • His legacy continued on with the escalating sectional strife between free and slave states

More Related