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Extensible Markup Language II

Extensible Markup Language II. Namespace, XPath and XSL. XML Namespace. NamespaceS. XML Namespaces. Namespaces – provide method to avoid element name conflicts Collections of names identified by URIs

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Extensible Markup Language II

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  1. Extensible Markup Language II Namespace, XPath and XSL

  2. XML Namespace NamespaceS

  3. XML Namespaces • Namespaces – provide method to avoid element name conflicts • Collections of names identified by URIs • Namespaces allow names within a document to retain their original meanings even when combined with other document • However, if you don’t need namespaces, don’t use them

  4. Conflict examples <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><Order> <Customer> <Name>Johan Abdullah</Name> <Number>AE15562</Number> </Customer> <Items> <Item> <Name>Pioneer Hi-Fi</Name> <Number>PI-032-EX</Number> <Item> </Items> </Order>

  5. Namespaces Solution <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><Order xmlns:cus=“http://example.com/Customer” xmlns:item=“http://example.com/Item”> <cus:Customer> <cus:Name>Johan Abdullah</cus:Name> <cus:Number>AE15562</cus:Number> </cus:Customer> <item:Items> <item:Item> <item:Name>Pioneer Hi-Fi</item:Name> <item:Number>PI-032-EX</item:Number> </item:Item> </item:Items> </Order>

  6. Namespaces • Namespace declaration: • Defined by xmlns attribute xmlns:prefix = “URI” • Namespace URI is not used by parser to look for information

  7. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"><xsl:template match="/"><html><body>  <h2>My CD Collection</h2>  <table border="1">    <tr>      <th align="left">Title</th>      <th align="left">Artist</th>    </tr>    <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">    <tr>      <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>      <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>    </tr>    </xsl:for-each>  </table></body></html></xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet> Namespace for non-HTML tags (with xsl prefix, marked with red arrows)

  8. Navigating XML Document XPath

  9. XPath • Xpath – language to navigate and find information in XML document • Uses path expressions to navigate XML documents • Contains a library of standard functions

  10. Xpath Path Expressions/Functions • Xpath uses path expressions • Use path expressions to select nodes/node-sets in XML documents • Path expressions – similar to computer file system • Xpath includes more than 100 functions • Functions for string and numeric values, date/time comparison, node/QName manipulation, Boolean values etc.

  11. XPath Nodes - terminology • Seven kinds of nodes: • Element • Attribute • Text • Namespace • Processing-instruction (PI) • Comment • Document nodes • Atomic values – nodes without children or parent • Items – atomic values or nodes

  12. XPath Nodes - relationship • Types of relationship: • Parent • Children • Siblings • Ancestors • Descendants

  13. XPath Syntax • Selecting nodes

  14. XPath Syntax • Predicates – used to find a specific node/node with a specific value

  15. XPath Wildcards/| operator • Wildcards to select unknown XML elements • Use ‘|’ to select several paths

  16. More XPath References • XPath Axes - http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/xpath_axes.asp • XPath Operators - http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/xpath_operators.asp • XPath functions (with XQuery, XSLT) - http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/xpath_functions.asp

  17. XPath Example • Using Javascript – using “kereta.xml” • Edit the “ex1.html” , “ex2.html” and “ex3.html” files • Understand the usage of XPath and Javascript

  18. Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation XSLT

  19. Displaying XML • XML documents don’t carry information about how to display data • 3 ways to display data: • XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Transformation Language) • CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) • JavaScript

  20. XSL • XSL – Extensible Stylesheet Language • Style sheets for XML • Describes how the XML document should be displayed • Consisted of: • XSLT – transforming XML documents • XPath – navigating XML documents • XSL-FO – formatting XML documents

  21. XSL Transformation • XSLT – XSL Transformation • Transform XML documents to other formats (e.g. XHTML) – transform each XML element to XHTML element • Supported by all major browsers • Most important part of XSL • Allows adding/removing elements and attributes to/from output file, rearranging/sorting elements, perform test etc.

  22. XSLT - Transformation • Example of a transformation – steps: • Start with a raw XML document • Declare stylesheet • Create XSL style sheet • Link style sheet to the XML document

  23. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"><xsl:template match="/">  <html>  <body>  <h2>My CD Collection</h2>  <table border="1">    <trbgcolor="#9acd32">      <th>Title</th>      <th>Artist</th>    </tr>    <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">    <tr>      <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>      <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>    </tr>    </xsl:for-each>  </table>  </body>  </html></xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet> XSLT example

  24. XSLT Example • Using “kereta.xml” • Create/Edit the XSLT files to show various combination of sorting, filtering, formatting etc. • Understand the usage of XSLT

  25. The End – Thank You

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