Ancient Greece

1. Ancient Greece

2. Greek Geography • Mount Olympus • Mountainous with small plains & river valleys • Warfare devastated Greek society • Aegean, Mediterranean, and Ionian Sea • Greeks were seafarers

3. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_maps/world_pol495.jpg • NC • Greece

4. http://sfbayview.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Europe-North-Africa-map.gifhttp://sfbayview.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Europe-North-Africa-map.gif

5. Ionian Sea • Troy • Mt Olympus • Knossos

6. Greek Civilization • Minoan civilization established on island of Crete 2700 B.C. • Complex civilization- very advanced- running water, language (linear A) • Importance of the Bull • 1450 B.C. Minoans were invaded by Mycenaeans

7. Bull Jumping http://ejmuybridge.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/bulldance1.jpg

8. Greek Civilization • Mycenaean civilization prospered around 1400 B.C. • Powerful monarchies • Wrote in Linear B • Tholos tombs • Warrior society • Large commercial network- occupied mainland, Crete, and many islands

9. Linear B Writing http://www.sicher.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/linearb-1.gif

10. Tholos Tomb http://www.historywiz.com/beehivetombs.htm http://www.historywiz.com/beehivetombs.htm

11. Greek Civilization • Mycenaeans conquered Crete • States began fighting one another • Natural disasters wiped out farm land • Invaded by Sea People/ Dorians • 1100 B.C. civilization collapsed • 1100 – 750 – Dark Age – few records exist

12. King Agamemnon of Mycenaeans http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MaskAgamemnon.png/200px-MaskAgamemnon.png

13. Dark Age • Few records exist, written or otherwise • Expanded to Asia Minor- Ionia • Looking for good farmland • Increase of agriculture, trade • Rise of Iron Age • Replaced Bronze Age

14. Greek Civilization • Greeks adopted Phoenician alphabet • Epic poem – long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero • Homer • The Iliad and The Odyssey • Mycenaeans and the Trojan War

15. The Poet, Homer

16. Greek Polis • 750 B.C. polis – Greek city-state, was focus of Greek life • Acropolis – fortified gathering place on top of a hill • Agora – open area that served as a place where people could assemble, also a market

17. Athenian Acropolis

18. Greek Military • Conflict between city-states began • Created need permanent army • Hoplites – heavily armed infantry • Led to new styles of fighting

19. Hoplite

20. Ancient Greece • Phalanx – rectangular shoulder to shoulder military formation • Between 750 – 550 B.C. Greeks began to expand • Byzantium – modern day Turkey • Spread throughout the Mediterranean

21. Phalanx Formation

22. Phalanx Formation

23. Greek Governments • Oligarchy • Rule by a few • a.k.aAristocracy • Large and wealthy landowners • Controlled economy • Many fell at the hands of tyrants Tyranny • Ended aristocrats rule in many states • Seized and maintained power by force • Support from wealthy merchants who wanted political change • Fell by 6th Century BC

24. Greek Governments Democracy • Government by the people or rule by many • End of tyranny allowed people chance to participate in government • First major polis to adopt was Athens

25. Sparta • Oligarchy, military state ruled by 2 kings • Helots – captured people made to work for Spartans • Super strict rules, laws, and social structure • Closed off to the outside world

26. Athens • Unified in 700BCE • Draco- 621BCE- • first lawgiver, to end murder- uses harsh punishment- Draconian • Solon- given 1 year to fix Athens • Becomes known for "giving the law a conscience“ • Peisistratus took control, followed by son • Cleisthenes takes over in 510BCE • Created a council of 500 • Start of Democracy

27. Alliances • Peloponnesian League • Headed by Spartans • Corinth, Argos, Elis • Delian League • A.k.a. Athenian League • Massive alliance, including many islands and towns across Aegean Sea • Different contributions

29. Persian Wars • Persia took over Asia Minor and Ionia • Darius seeks revenge, and attacks Athens • Athenians defeat Persians at Marathon in 490BC • Xerxes vows revenge

30. King Darius of Persia

31. Persian Wars • Greece prepares for attack • Athenians built up navy, Spartans led defensive league • Xerxes invades • Thermopylae – 300 Spartans • Athenians abandon city, form army to win

32. http://www.flickr.com/photos/ancientgreekmapsandmore/486481344/http://www.flickr.com/photos/ancientgreekmapsandmore/486481344/ Thermopylae Marathon Salamis

33. Athenian Empire • Athenians formed an defense alliance against Persians • Golden Age of Greece • Age of Pericles • 461 – 429 B.C.

34. Age of Pericles http://oregonrepublicanparty.org/sites/default/files/quotepics/Pericles.jpg

35. Age of Pericles • Direct democracy- expanded political involvement • Ostracism – banning politicians by vote • Economy based on farming & trade • Women were ignored, expect in religious festivals

36. The Olympics • The first Olympic games were held in 776BCE • Greatest festival of sports • Held at Olympia every four years

37. Boxing

38. Equestrian

39. Horse Riding

40. Discus

41. Javelin

42. Running

43. Chariot Racing

44. Wrestling

45. Religion • Mt. Olympus • 12 Gods/ Goddesses • Believed spirits went to underworld • Rituals – ceremonies/rites to please gods • Oracle at Delphi

46. Architecture • The Acropolis • Geometric proportions • Symmetry

47. Erechtheum Parthenon

48. Classical Greece- Art • Greek sculpture • Ideal beauty • Scientific proportions • Pottery http://www.ancientgreece.com/media/img/scul2.jpg

49. Classical Greece-Drama • Greek tragedies • Aeschylus • Sophocles – Athenian playwright – Oedipus Rex • Euripides • Thucydides – greatest historian of ancient world http://www.greecepicturetour.com/pictures/dionysus-theater-from-acropolis.jpg

50. Classical Greece- Education • 6th century – Pythagoras • Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine • Sophists – traveling teachers who rejected speculation such as that of Pythagoras as foolish