Banking Fundamentals Training

Banking Fundamentals Training SESSION-3

CUSTOMER AND OFFICE ACCOUNTS ACCOUNTS AND GENERAL LEDGER

CUSTOMER CREATION Unique identifier for customer linking all accounts Comprehensive details of customer Customer – Customer relationship capture Specific details related to Trade Finance, NRE, minors etc.,. Preferential interest and charges MIS details Menu option HCUMM Customer Relationship View CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS TYPES OF CUSTOMER A/C SAVINGS BANK CURRENT CASH CREDIT OVERDRAFT TERM DEPOSIT TERM LOAN etc.

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS CONCEPTS Cheque operated and non cheque operated Different minimum balance requirements Different interest rates, methods and frequencies Number of withdrawals Dormancy criteria Modes of operation Nomination Service charges Overdrafts in accounts

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS FINACLE REPRESENTATION Scheme types SBA, CAA, CCA, TDA, LAA and ODA in Finacle Savings public, Savings staff, Savings pensioners are different types of savings products defined as scheme codes Scheme codes could be defined in Finacle using option GSPM Done initially during BPD phase and subsequently when new products are introduced by the Bank Scheme code definition includes linkage to GL Sub Heads Accounts opened under combination of GL Subhead and Scheme code Business rules defined at product level and GL subhead for consolidation purposes Exceptions to control various transactions and events in the accounts under each product

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS Features Account Number generation Minimum level for posting transactions Allowed No of withdrawals, Minimum bal for cheque Ledger folio/service charges, Dormancy/inactive criteria, Interest methods, Charges for account opening, maintenance and closing, statement printing, commitment, etc.,.

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS Features Cash, clearing and Transfer limits , Abnormal transaction limits, Interest code (rate), minimum and max interest, days in a year, min interest paid, collected amounts, rounding off parameters, tax related, minimum balance etc.,. Interest related – Normal P&L account, Interest Payable accounts, parking accounts prior to TDS, default interest frequencies etc.,. Pegging of interest Some Basic methods applicable for product types are pre-configured.

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS CONTROLS Account Frozen stale instrument account name change back dated transaction back value dated transaction cash transaction customer debit without cheque

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS CONTROLS TOD granting, Account below the min bal, Customer transaction to dormant account, Cheques issued to inactive account, Cheque book without min balance, Introducer not a A/c holder, Cash, clearing and transfer limit etc.,.

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCOUNT OPENING Introduction Photographs Supporting documents (Passport, PAN , Proof of residence etc.,.)‏ Nominations Joint Holders

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS TRANSACTIONS Cash Clearing Transfer Collection Value dated Transaction and Back dated transactions Temporary overdrafts In Batch, Drop in Limit, Loan recovery, interest calculation, instant, User granted etc.,. Overdrafts – Clean and Secured

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS OPERATIONS IN ACCOUNTS Issue of cheque books Debit cards Passbook/statement (HPSP) and different modes of sending statement – regular and adhoc statement Marking Lien/lifting Lien Stop Payment of cheques Sweeps Account Turnover Maintenance Moving of accounts between schemes

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS CHARGES Account opening, maintenance, closure Issue of cheque book Statement to customers – regular and adhoc MENU Options Batch/Deferred BCCALC – LF charges, Acct Maintenance, Dormant, Min bal, inactive, commitment DEFCALC – Acct Open , Regular and adhoc statement , Regular interest cert and adhoc interest cert, Regular and adhoc combined statement

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS MENU OPTIONS HOAAC(SB/CA/CC/OD) HOAACV(SB/CA/CC/OD)‏ HACM CAAC CAACAU INTTM ICHB HCHBM AFSM SPP ATOR

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS TERM DEPOSIT – Features Associated with Tenor(Min and max period )‏ Min and max amount Fixed amount (one time or recurring)‏ Interest pay out along with principal at the end of term or periodic Renewable fixed number of times or unlimited Pre-terminated Extended Tax on interest Certificate printing/duplicate printing Adjustment of Lien on Maturity Transfer to Overdue on Maturity Deposit Modelling Interest rates depending on tenor and amount slab

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS INTEREST PAYMENT Periodic Maturity Pre-termination Penal interest for pre-termination Interest definition menu option - HTVSM

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS MATURITY HANDLING Credit to sundry if no account Credit operative account Credit multiple accounts Send by way of remittance Renew Renew till customer requests for payment Add to renewal amount Partial remittance and balance renewal Overdue deposit

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS FLOW CONFIGURATION Principal inflow Principal outflow Interest inflow Interest outflow Interest advanced Consolidated inflow Consolidated outflow Repayment outflow Installment outflow Total outflow Flow frequency Months and days Flow begin and end Calendar, Financial, Month end, Quarterly, Half yearly, Maturity date

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS INTEREST METHODS Simple interest monthly Simple interest daily Discounted interest FD compound interest Compound interest (Reinvestment scheme)‏ Compound interest for RD

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS MENU OPTIONS HOAACTD HACMTD TDREN TDRCL SWOPS CAAC

CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS TDS – Tax deduction at source pay interest on the deposits Financial year In terms of Government policies, the Banks have a commitment to deduct some percentage of interest paid to customers as TAX. This percentage may vary from country to country depending upon the policies of Government and type of customers. Deduct tax– Account level and Customer level. Customer level tax – parking account prior to TDS Consolidation of accounts at Branch, Sol and Data Center for arriving at tax eligibility

OFFICE ACCOUNTS DEFINITIONS Voucher: It is a document in which full details of a transaction are entered; it forms the basis for accounting transactions. Details include the amount, the purpose of the transaction, the date, authority etc. Journal: When both the debit and the corresponding credit entry are recorded in a single voucher / or a book it is called a journal entry. Account: As already mentioned an Account is a record of transactions of the same type.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Examples of Accounts in Banks: Major accounts in the bank are Deposit Accounts and Borrowal Accounts e.g. Deposit Accounts - Term Deposit Account Savings Bank Account Current Account Deposit Liability - Savings Bank Interest Account Term Deposit Interest Account etc.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Borrowal Accounts - Demand Loan Account Cash Credit Account Term Loan Account Bills Account - Demand Bills Purchased Inland Bills Discounted Office Accounts - Inter Office Account Drafts Account Bankers’ Cheque Account Impersonal Accounts - Suspense A/c Sundry A/C

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Nominal Account Charges (for expenses)‏ Interest A/c Exchange A/c Commission A/c Discount A/c Real Account - Premises A/c Furniture & Fixtures A/c Stationery A/c Cash A/c

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Bank accounts are maintained in Ledgers and Registers. Each account in the Ledger will have debit and credit entries. The difference between the totals of the debit entries and credit totals will be the balance. In deposit accounts, the total of the credits will be more than the total of the debits and hence the balance will be referred to as “credit balance”. In the borrowal accounts, the balance will be the “debit balance”.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS The deposit of money into an account is referred to as Credit (Cr)‏ The withdrawal of money from an account is referred to as Debit (Dr). The real accounts (cash, furniture & fittings, stationery etc.) will always show a debit balance. The expenditure accounts will show a debit balance; the income accounts, a credit balance.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Cash transactions/Transfer Transactions: When cash is received or paid in to an account, the transaction is referred to as Cash transaction. When no cash is involved but the transaction is between two accounts, it is referred to as transfer transaction.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Daily transactions: Every day there will be hundreds of transactions in a branch; they may run to tens of thousands of transactions in a very large branch. These transactions are different types. The branch management has to ensure the following: The depositors accounts are debited/credited with the correct amounts. The transactions are recorded in the accounts immediately so that the accounts reflect the correct balance owed by the bank to the customers or due from the customers to the bank. The expenses, income and other transactions are booked to the appropriate account. Any mistake/omission is detected without any loss of time and wrong entries are reversed and correct entries are passed.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Daily Recording/Accounting Routine at a Branch: Keeping the above in mind, the book-keeping/accounting at a branch will be on these lines: All debits/credits to accounts should be authorised by an official All debits/credits will be by way of vouchers which will contain brief details All vouchers should be posted to the respective ledgers/registers before payment is effected The correctness/appropriateness of posting will be checked by an official

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Daily Recording/Accounting Routine at a Branch: (Contd..) At the close of business, as a second check, all entries in different ledgers/registers will be cross-checked with the vouchers for the correctness, appropriateness, authenticity etc. The day’s transactions will be classified as per the different accounts at the branch General Ledger and the debits and credits into these accounts will be written up separately in Day Books/‘Subsidiary Day Books’ and totalled. These subsidiary day books would be called Current Account Day Book, S.B. Day Book, Demand Loan Day Book, Term Loan Day Book etc.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Daily Balancing: In view of the large number of transactions put through at a branch, the transactions have to be balanced every day. Unless these transactions are balanced, we cannot say that all the entries have been correctly passed and posted or not. Also, this will help us ascertain the position of deposits, advances, income and expenditure of the branch. In the double entry system of book-keeping adopted by the banks, obviously total debits should be equal to total credits. The process is as under. The debits total and credits total for each of the accounts in which transactions have taken place on the day would be available in the various subsidiary day books/registers. These will be written up in an abstract containing all the accounts at the branch called “Day Book” or “Clean Cash Book”.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Clean Cash Book 01.08.1997

OFFICE ACCOUNTS The following cross-checkings are also to be done: The closing balance of cash should tally with the physical cash/the balance in the Cash Book. The check totals should agree. The cheques will be authorised for payment after they are entered in a ‘Cash Payment Scroll’ by different officials. The aggregate total of the cash payments should be tallied.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS How to write the Day Book: The total debits and credits include both cash and transfer transactions. Debits of the various subsidiary day books/registers are to be taken on the right hand side and the credits on the left hand side of the Clean Cash Book with exception of Inter Office Account. The number of vouchers is also recorded for each account. The opening balance of cash has to be shown in the left hand side of the Clean Cash Book; the closing cash balance will be worked out. An abstract of the Clean Cash Book will illustrate the position:

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Ledger: A ledger contains accounts of same type. Eg: Debtors Ledger will contain the names of all debtors to the business. In a bank, current account ledger will contain the names of all customers having current account with the bank; Savings Bank account ledger will contain the names of all customers having current account with the bank. Some ledgers will show credit balances while others will show debit balances. General Ledger: The general ledger contains all the accounts Eg: In the bank it will contain current Account, Savings Account, Demand Loan Account, Term Loan Account, Expenses Account, Interest Account, Commission A/c etc. Naturally most of the accounts will show credit balances while others will show debit balances.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS General Ledger: Every day the transactions in each of the accounts in each of the ledger accounts will be written up and totalled. The totals of debit and credit will be posted to the respective ledger accounts . Also, the totals will be written up and agreed with the opening cash and closing cash. After this the totals will be posted in the General ledger and the balances cast. At any given time, the G.L would show how much money are owed to the bank by borrowers, how much deposits they have collected, how much earnings made, how much expenses incurred etc.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Trial Balance: When the balances in all the accounts in the General Ledger are listed - debit balances separately and credit balances separately- and totalled, the totals would agree. This shows that the General Ledger is arithmetically accurate. This statement is called Trial Balance

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account. Trial Balance is an important step in the accounting process. As indicated earlier, the accounts relate to Assets, Liabilities, Earnings, Expenses etc of the business. Hence, the Trial Balance will contain all these accounts. If the business desires to know its financial position as on a particular date and also its performance during a period (say at quarterly, half yearly, yearly intervals), these can be ascertained. The Earnings and Expenses account will be extracted from the Trial Balance. After passing accounting entries like depreciation etc the profit made by the business can be ascertained. This is called Profit and Loss A/c.

OFFICE ACCOUNTS BALANCE SHEET AS ON 31st MARCH, 2004 (Rs. in thousands)‏ Schedule Year ended Year ended 31 March 2004 31 March 2003 CAPITAL & LIABILITIES Capital 1 17,25,00 17,25,00 Reserves & Surplus 2 15,56,51,57 12,33,69,46 Deposits 3 2,42,57,85,12 2,05,98,93,53 Borrowings 4 8,25,41,46 4,16,42,15 Other Liabilities and Provisions 5 39,89,07,05 38,65,24,24 Total 3,06,46,10,20 2,61,31,54,38

OFFICE ACCOUNTS BALANCE SHEET AS ON 31st MARCH, 2004 (Rs. in thousands)‏ Schedule Year ended Year ended 31 March 2004 31 March 2003 ASSETS Cash and balances with Reserve Bank of India 6 18,18,20,17 18,27,11,91 Balances with Banks and money at call and short notice 7 2,99,74,72 1,32,46,63 Investments 8 1,50,17,04,68 1,25,18,66,56 Advances 9 1,18,13,67,93 96,62,59,98 Fixed Assets 10 1,65,29,03 1,15,31,40 Other Assets 11 15,32,13,67 18,75,37,90 Total 3,06,46,10,20 2,61,31,54,38

OFFICE ACCOUNTS BALANCE SHEET AS ON 31st MARCH, 2004 (Rs. in thousands)‏ Schedule Year ended Year ended 31 March 2004 31 March 2003 Contingent Liabilities 12 86,76,78,06 1,05,75,55,98 Bills for Collection 10,56,63,26 9,00,13,90

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Finacle representation Real accounts, Nominal accounts, Contingent Accounts, Contra Accounts – Office accounts Personal accounts – Customer accounts Staff accounts Transaction happens to only accounts No direct transactions to any GL head/GL Sub head Updation happens to GL Sub head as a part of end of day

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Whenever an account needs to be opened it has 4 or 5 mandatory information depending upon what type of account is being opened Office account for which branch in which currency to which product it is linked – for behaviour of account for which GL Sub head it is linked – for consolidation purpose Customer account for which customer for which branch in which currency to which product it is linked – for behaviour of account for which GL Sub head it is linked – for consolidation purpose

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Finacle representation GL in Finacle is only a reference code – created through HRRCDM GL Sub head is also a reference code but consolidated position is available at this level – created through GLSHM Consolidation happens for each GL sub head for each day for each currency for each SOL GL Sub head as such should be available for each SOL each currency

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Finacle representation Since each SOL should have a GL Sub head in each currency replication facility available – GLSHR Accounts in GL are classified into 15 different types at the macro leve- pre defined 5 for internal purpose 10 customer related Bank will define various products under the above 15 classified types Different menu options to define products depending upon the type

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Internal accounts are known as Office Accounts 5 types of office accounts are OAB – Office account basic OAP – Office account pointing type HOC – Inter branch transactions DDA – Demand draft and Banker cheques OSP – System pointing – Proxy accounts All Real, Nominal, Contingent, Contra accounts are opened under any one of the above types During account opening it is possible to indicate whether it is an income or expenditure account

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Income and Expenditure accounts are defined for getting analysis report getting monitoring reports Account opening – ACMDB Account replication – OACR Account maintenance – ACMDB Account closure - ACZDB Verification of opening, maintenance and Closure – ACMDB Reports - PTW for daily reports - PDB for generating GL

OFFICE ACCOUNTS Reports - PTW for daily reports - PDB for generating GL - IEARP for analysis report - IEMRP for monitoring report - MSIOGRP and MSOIRP for outstanding item report - FTR for financial transaction report Inquiry - IOGLT – Consolidated position of GL Sub head for any day prior to BOD date - IOT – Sundry and Suspense account transaction inquiry

Banking Fundamentals Training