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Virtual Machines

Virtual Machines. Module 7. You Are Here. vSphere Environment. Operations. Introduction to VMware Virtualization. Access Control. VMware ESX and ESXi. Resource Monitoring. VMware vCenter Server. Data Protection. Networking. Scalability. Storage. High Availability. Virtual Machines.

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Virtual Machines

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  1. Virtual Machines Module 7

  2. You Are Here vSphere Environment Operations Introduction to VMware Virtualization Access Control VMware ESX and ESXi Resource Monitoring VMware vCenter Server Data Protection Networking Scalability Storage High Availability Virtual Machines Patch Management Installing VMware ESX and ESXi VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  3. Importance • You can create a virtual machine in a number of ways. Choosing the correct method can help you save time and make the deployment process manageable and scalable. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  4. Module Lessons • Lesson 1: Virtual Machine Concepts • Lesson 2: Creating a Virtual Machine • Lesson 3: Creating Templates and Clones • Lesson 4: vCenter Converter • Lesson 5: Modifying Virtual Machines • Lesson 6: Managing Virtual Machines VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  5. Lesson 1:Virtual Machine Concepts VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  6. Lesson Objectives • Describe a virtual machine • Display a virtual machine’s files • List the virtual machine hardware VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  7. What Is a Virtual Machine? • A virtual machine is: • A set of virtual hardware on which a supported guest operating system and its applications run • A set of discrete files • A virtual machine’s configuration file describes the virtual machine’s configuration, including its virtual hardware. • Avoid using special characters and spaces in the virtual machine’s name. virtual machine MyVM.vmx … guestOS = “winnetstandard” … displayName = “MyVM” (etc.) VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  8. What Files Make Up a Virtual Machine? VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  9. Displaying a Virtual Machine’s Files On the Configuration tab, click the Storage link. Right-click a datastore to browse its files. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  10. Using the Storage Views Tab to Display Files Click the Storage Views tab. Select Show All Virtual Machine Files from the menu. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  11. Virtual Machine Hardware VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  12. CPU and Memory Up to eight virtual CPUs (vCPUs): • VMware® Virtual SMP license required • Also depends on the number of licensed CPUs on a host and the number of processors supported by a guest operating system Maximum memory size(up to 255GB): • Amount the guest operating system will be told that it has VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  13. Virtual Disk Sample virtual disk definition:Virtual disk size: 4GBDatastore: MyVMFSVirtual disk node: 0:0Virtual storage adapter: LSI Logic SASVirtual disk files: Server1.vmdk and Server1-flat.vmdkDefault disk mode: Snapshots allowedOptional disk mode: Independent – persistent or nonpersistentDisk provisioning: Thick or thin VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  14. Virtual Network Interface Card Network adapters that might be available for your virtual machine: • Flexible – Can function as either a vlance or vmxnet adapter: • vlance – Also called PCNet32, supported by most 32-bit guest operating systems • vmxnet – Provides significantly better performance than vlance • e1000 – High-performance adapter available for only some guest operating systems • vmxnet2 (Enhanced vmxnet) – vmxnet adapter with enhanced performance • vmxnet3 – Builds on the vmxnet2 adapter Whenever possible, choose vmxnet3. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  15. Other Devices CD/DVD drive: • Connect to CD-ROM, DVD, or ISO image. Floppy drive: • Connect to floppy or floppy image. Generic SCSI devices (such as tape libraries): • Can be connected to additional SCSI adapters VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  16. Virtual Machine Console Send power changes to the virtual machine. Access the virtual machine’s guest operating system. Send Ctrl+Alt+Del to the guest operating system. • Press Ctrl+Alt+Ins in the virtual machine console. Press Ctrl+Alt to release the pointer from the virtual machine console. VM console icon VM console VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  17. Lesson Summary • Describe a virtual machine • Display a virtual machine’s files • List the virtual machine hardware VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  18. Lesson 2:Creating a Virtual Machine VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  19. Lesson Objectives • Provision a virtual machine: • Create the virtual machine • Install the guest operating system into the virtual machine • Install VMware Tools into the guest operating system • Describe how to import a virtual appliance VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  20. Provisioning a Virtual Machine Methods for creating virtual machines: • Use the Create New Virtual Machine wizard. • Import a virtual appliance. • Deploy a virtual machine from template. • Clone a virtual machine. • Use VMware vCenter Converter. • Use Guided Consolidation. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  21. Create New Virtual Machine Wizard Create a new virtual machine in the VMware vCenter Server inventory. • In the Hosts and Clusters view, select a datacenter, cluster, or host. • In the VMs and Templates view, select a datacenter or folder. Start the Create New Virtual Machine wizard. • Perform a “typical” or “custom” configuration. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  22. Choosing the Typical Configuration • Information needed for a typical configuration: • Virtual machine name and inventory location • Location in which to place the virtual machine (cluster, host, resource pool) • Datastore on which to store the virtual machine’s files • Guest operating system and version • Disk parameters for creating a new virtual disk: • Disk size • Disk-provisioning settings: • Allocate and commit space on demand (Thin Provisioning) • Support clustering features such as Fault Tolerance VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  23. Choosing the Custom Configuration Other information needed for a custom configuration: • Virtual machine version (version 7 is the latest) • Number of CPUs and size of memory • Number of NICs, network to connect to, and network adapter type • SCSI controller type • Whether to create a new disk, use an existing disk, use an RDM, or use no disk • Other disk-provisioning settings: • Whether to store the virtual disk with the virtual machine or in a different datastore • Virtual device node (for example, SCSI(0:0)) • Mode-independent (persistent and nonpersistent) For both the typical and the custom configurations: • You can edit virtual machine settings before completing the task. • For example, attach an ISO image to the virtual CD/DVD drive. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  24. Installing the Guest Operating System • Install the guest operating system into the virtual machine. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  25. VMware Tools Features of VMware Tools include: • Device drivers: • SVGA display • vmxnet/vmxnet3 • Balloon driver for memory management • Sync driver for quiescing I/O • Improved mouse • Virtual machine heartbeat • Time synchronization • Ability to shut down virtual machine Install VMware Tools into the guest operating system. VMware Tools icon VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  26. Virtual Appliances Preconfigured virtual machines: • Usually designed for a single purpose (for example, a safe browser or firewall) • Deployed as an OVF template Available from the VMware Virtual Appliance Marketplace: • http://www.vmware.com/appliances Use the VMware vSphere™ Client to upload appliances into vCenter Server. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  27. Deploying an OVF Template Another way to deploy a virtual appliance or any virtual machine stored in OVF format: • Deploy from an OVF template. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  28. Lab 8 • In this lab, you will create, import, and prepare virtual machines for use. • Create a virtual machine. • Install a guest operating system in a virtual machine. • Create a virtual machine on an iSCSI VMFS datastore. • Import a virtual machine into the vCenter Server inventory. • Identify a virtual machine’s disk format and usage statistics. • Install VMware Tools into a virtual machine installed with a Windows operating system. • Enable time synchronization between a virtual machine and an ESXi host. • Copy class lab files to your virtual machine. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  29. Lesson Summary • Provision a virtual machine: • Create the virtual machine • Install the guest operating system into the virtual machine • Install VMware Tools into the guest operating system • Describe how to import a virtual appliance VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  30. Lesson 3:Creating Templates and Clones VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  31. Lesson Objectives • Create a template • Deploy a virtual machine from a template • Clone a virtual machine • Allow guest operating system customization by vCenter Server VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  32. What Is a Template? A master copy of a virtual machine used to create and provision new virtual machines An image that typically includes a guest operating system, a set of applications, and a specific virtual machine configuration VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  33. Creating a Template Clone the virtual machine to a template. • The virtual machine can either be powered on or powered off. Convert the virtual machine to a template. • The virtual machine must be powered off. Clone atemplate. • Select the template in inventory first. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  34. Viewing Templates Two ways to view templates: • Use the VMs and Templates inventory view. • Use the Virtual Machines tab in the Hosts and Clusters inventory view. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  35. Deploying a Virtual Machine from Template To deploy a virtual machine, provide such information as virtual machine name, inventory location, host, datastore, and guest operating system customization data. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  36. Updating a Template To update a template: • Convert the template to a virtual machine. • Place the virtual machine on an isolated network to prevent user access. • Make appropriate changes to the virtual machine. • Convert the virtual machine to a template. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  37. Cloning a Virtual Machine Cloning is an alternative to deploying a virtual machine. A clone is an exact copy of the virtual machine. The virtual machine being cloned can either be powered on or powered off. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  38. Customizing the Guest Operating System VMware recommends customization of a clone’s guest operating system to prevent software and network conflicts. During cloning or deploying from template, you have the option of running the Guest Customization wizard. • The wizard lets you create a specification that you can use to prepare the guest operating systems of virtual machines. • Specifications can be stored in the database. • You can edit specifications in the Customization Specifications Manager. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  39. Deploying Virtual Machines Across Datacenters Virtual machine deployment is allowed across datacenters. • Clone a virtual machine from one datacenter to another. • Deploy from a template in one datacenter to a virtual machine in a different datacenter. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  40. Lab 9 • In this lab, you will deploy a virtual machine from a template and clone a virtual machine. • Configure guest operating system customization on a vCenter Server system. • Create a template. • Deploy a virtual machine from a template. • Clone a virtual machine that is powered on. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  41. Lesson Summary • Create a template • Deploy a virtual machine from a template • Clone a virtual machine • Allow guest operating system customization by vCenter Server VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  42. Lesson 4:vCenter Converter VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  43. Lesson Objectives • Describe the capabilities of vCenter Converter • Import a system into vCenter Server • Perform a hot clone VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  44. vCenter Converter vCenter Converter can import physical machines, virtual machines, and system images: • Windows and Linux sources • Hyper-V virtual machine sources • A variety of third-party image formats vCenter Converter can also export virtual machines for use in VMware hosted and managed products. vCenter Converter allows you to: • Reduce time needed to set up new virtual machines • Migrate legacy servers to new hardware without reinstallation • Perform migrations across heterogeneous hardware • Readjust volume sizes and place volumes on separate virtual disks • Migrate disks across independent datastores VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  45. vCenter Converter Components VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  46. vCenter Converter Requirements Install vCenter Converter and the vCenter Converter client only on Windows operating systems. Allocate 525MB of disk space for vCenter Converter components: • Server files, client files, agent files, and the installation file For hot clones, vCenter Converter requires 350MB of memory on the source machine. vCenter Converter supports only pure IPv6 or IPv4 environments. Certain limitations exist when you convert powered-on machines, virtual machines, third-party virtual machines, or system images. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  47. Cloning Cloning and system reconfiguration steps are used to create and reconfigure the virtual machine: • Cloning – Copy the source physical disks for the destination virtual machine. The destination virtual disk might not be an exact copy of the source disk. • System reconfiguration – Adjust the migrated operating system to enable it to function on virtual hardware. vCenter Converter supports hot cloning: • Hot cloning – Clone a source machine while the operating system is running. The source machine can be accessed remotely. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  48. reconfiguration customization opt. Remote Hot Cloning of a Windows System Stage 1: Preparing source machine for conversion Stage 4: Cleaning up Stage 3: Completing the conversion process Stage 2: Preparing the virtual machine on the destination machine LAN vSphere Client with vCenter Converter client plug-in vCenter Server with vCenter Converter powered-onWindowsmachine agent VM VSS snapshot source volume host volume VSS snapshot source destination vCenter Converter creates a new virtual machine on the destination machine. vCenter Converter installs the agent on source machine. vCenter Converter agent takes a VSS snapshot of the source volume. vCenter Converter agent copies data from the source to the destination. vCenter Converter agent (optionally) removes all traces from the source system and/or destination VM. vCenter Converter agent customizes the virtual machine (for example, changing IP information). vCenter Converter agent installs required drivers and performs the necessary steps to allow OS to boot. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  49. Importing a Machine vCenter Converter allows a number of sources: • Powered-on machine • VMware infrastructure virtual machine • VMware Workstation or other VMware virtual machine • Backup image or third-party virtual machine • Hyper-V Server vCenter Converter provides flexibility in defining the destination virtual machine: • Select virtual machine name. • Select destination datastore. • Select virtual machine version. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

  50. Import Machine Wizard Options (1) Optional settings allow you to further define your destination virtual machine. Select destination virtual machine folder. Select from several options to copy data to destination. Modify number of processors, amount of memory, or disk controller. Add network adapters or connect to different networks. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

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