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Thomas Patzak APC , University Paris Diderot Paris 7

Laguna Detectors at Fréjus. Thomas Patzak APC , University Paris Diderot Paris 7. Laguna: L arge A pparatus for G rand U nification and N eutrino A strophysics. Supernova 1987A 23 February 1987.

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Thomas Patzak APC , University Paris Diderot Paris 7

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  1. Laguna Detectors at Fréjus Thomas Patzak APC,UniversityParisDiderotParis 7 T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  2. Laguna: Large Apparatus for Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics Supernova 1987A 23 February 1987 New megaton class, multipurpose detectors will allow to study these fundamental questions Particle physics Neutrino astronomy Supernova neutrinos Diffuse SN neutrinos Atmospheric Neutrinos Solar neutrinos Dark matter annihilation Geo-neutrinos... Proton decay q13 CP-violation

  3. ... In a Large Apparatus for Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics 2008 - 2011 = CERN Pyhhäsalmi 2300 Km, 1,7 M€ from EU Boulby mine • 7 canditate sites: • Boulby • Fréjus • Caso • LSC • Pyhäsalmi • Sunlab • IFIN-HH 1050 Km SUNLAB 950 Km Unirea Salt Mine 130 Km CASO, 659 Km 630 Km MEMPHYS 60 – 100 m 65 m

  4. Laguna => very comprehensive evaluation of all sites, construction and costs • Laguna => baselines from 130 km to 2300 km available in Europe = advantage • Laguna => allowed to form a strong community in Europe (> 100 physicists and Ing.) • Laguna => showed the need to evaluate constraints and costs for the detector options New program: Laguna-LBNO • Laguna-LBNO: evaluate costs for detector construction and long term running (> 30y) • Laguna-LBNO: investigates complementary beam options from CERN • Laguna-LBNO: deep study of physics potential for the combination detector/site • Laguna-LBNO: strengthens the community even more: > 200 physicists Focus on 3 options: Shortest baseline (130 km), CERN -> Fréjus: no matter effects; clean measurement of LCPV Longest baseline (2300 km), CERN -> Pyhhäsalmi: matter effect; mass hirarchy, LCPV Existing CNGS beam (650 km), CERN -> Umbria T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  5. Geomechanical feasibility • GLACIER, LENA and MEMPHYS option are all feasible at Fréjus site. • The geomechanical feasibility remains valid also by a small change of the size of the excavation, both in the diameter and height of the cavern. • The geomechanical conditions at Fréjus are well known and further investigations are basically not required. The safety tunnel under construction will provide further information. • The support system proposed guarantees the long term stability and the absence of significant time dependent displacement of the cavity. • The support system proposed has sufficient reserve to ensure the stability of the cavern in case of earthquake. Tank feasibility and tank construction • The solution with tank placed in contact with the rock mass is feasible at Fréjus site for LENA and MEMPHYS option. For GLACIER option an independent tank is preferable. • The solution with tank placed in contact with the rock mass can save the amount of steel needed (7‘200tfor MEMPHYS option, 3‘600tfor LENA option). • Both the solution with the insulation and without insulation are feasible at Fréjus site. • In case of absence of water circulation in the rock mass, the solution without the insulation is preferable, from an economic point of view. T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  6. Glacier LENA Memphys T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  7. Safety Drive in! Easy access The Lab

  8. Studies towards a large scale Water Cherenkov detector in Europe MEMPHYS SuperKamiokande 60 – 100 m 65 m 22 Kton fiducial mass 440 Kton fiducial mass T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  9. NEW optimized design with 2 cylinders! • http://www.apc.univ-paris7.fr/APC_CS/Experiences/MEMPHYS/ • Contact: patzak@apc.univ-paris7.fr T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  10. MEMPHYS Physics channels@ PROTON DECAY “Golden channels” arXiv:hep-ex/0005046v1 H2O better then LAr, Scint. DIFFUSE SUPERNOVA NEUTRINOS SUPERNOVA COLLAPSE NEUTRINOS Evidence up to ~ 1Mpc Galactic SN: Huge statistics SN explosion mechanism: shock waves, neutronization burst Neutrino production parameters: rate, spectra Neutrino properties by M. Nakahata Fogli et al. JCAP 0504:002,2005 Fogli et al., hep-ph/0412046 ATMOSPHERIC, SOLAR (ES) NEUTRINOS T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  11. Physics channels@ NEUTRINO BEAMS MEMPHYS SUPER-BEAMS BETA-BEAMS 130 Km CERN-LSM The main goals: search of a non-zero θ13 angle or its measurement; searching for possible leptonicCP violation; determining the mass hierarchy and the θ23 octant. arXiv:hep-ph/0603172v3 2nd LSM extension workshop - 16th Oct 2009 T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  12. EUROnu-WP5: Water Cherenkov simulation • Event Generator: GENIE for n beam new • MEMPHYS Full GEANT4 Simulation(M. Fechner, J.E. Campagne, N. Vassilopoulos) • MEMPHYS Event Reconstruction, Analyses (N. Vassilopoulos, A. Tonazzo, M. Marafini) • Main task: evaluate detector performance, extract energy resolutions and lepton efficiencies, calculate migration matrices MEMPHYS: interactive μ+500 MeV MEMPHYS GUI From Paul Soler, EURONu Review, CERN, 14 April 2011 EUROnu Review: 14th April 2011

  13. EUROnu-WP5: Water Cherenkov resolution • Momentum and angular resolution: similar to SuperK μ+ e- Dp/p (%) μ+ e- Angle (o) From Paul Soler, EURONu Review, CERN, 14 April 2011 EUROnu Review: 14th April 2011

  14. EUROnu-WP5: Water Cherenkov conclusions • New water Cherenkov simulation developed from scratch (N. Vassilopolous/A.Tonazzo) – consistent with SuperK • MEMPHYS detector performance: • Primary vertex reconstruction, ring direction • Excellent single-ring identification as e or μ(low stats) • Single-ring momentum and direction resolution: energy reconstruction • Detector optimisation: no light reduction when moving from 60mx65m to 80mx65m detector (+27% FV): similar results are expected in event reconstruction. • Next steps: • Optimisation of vertex reconstruction, ring counting • Background: π0 for SB and single π+- for βB analyses • High statistical neutrino samples for migration matrices (in progress) • Volume vs. performance studies: more detailed From Paul Soler, EURONu Review, CERN, 14 April 2011

  15. T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  16. Memphyno the R&D for Memphys 6,5 x 108 litres of water 8 x 103 litres of water T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  17. TEST BENCH for photodetection and electronic solutions for LARGE detectors PMm2 http://pmm2.in2p3.fr • Hight number of light sensor: need grouped acquisition; • Common HV • Common readout • Common signal digitization Demonstrator: PARISROC • ~8t of water(+Gd?): 2x2x2m3HDPE tank • Matrix of 16 PMTs and/or other photodetectors (e.g.: X-HPX) • Muonhodoscope: • 2+2 planes of OPERA scintillator bars • 4 Pmt multi anodes (64 channels) • Full test of the ‘‘electronic and acquisition’’ chain; • Trigger threshold study • Self-trigger mode • Track reconstruction performances; • Gd doping: flexibility and performance. T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  18. Jan. 2011

  19. LENA detector layout Liquid Scintillatorca. 50kt LAB Inner Nylon Vesselradius: 13m Buffer Regioninactive, Dr = 2mca. 20kt LAB Steel Tank r = 15m, h = 100m 50,000 8‘‘-PMTsWinston conesopticalcoverage: 30% Electronics Halldome of 15m height Top Muon Vetolimited streamer tubesvertical muon tracking Water Cherenkov Veto3000 PMTs, Dr > 2mfast neutron shieldinclined muons Egg-Shaped Cavernabout 105 m3 Rock Overburdenat least 4000 mwe T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  20. LENA PhysicsProgram • Low Energy Physics • Galactic SN neutrinos • Diffuse Supernova neutrinos • Solar neutrinos • Geoneutrinos • Reactorneutrinos • Neutrino oscillometry • Indirectdark matter search • GeVPhysics • Neutrino beam • Atmosphericneutrinos • Proton decay T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  21. A Beta-Beam to LENA at Modane? • In LENA: High-energy particle tracking basedon Cherenkov-like scintillation light fronts. • Expected detector performance: • nm selection based on delayedm-decay electrons:ne rejection > 99.96% (95%CL) for 85% nm acceptance • calorimetric energy measurement: e.g. DEn = 22 MeV at 400 MeV • rejection of p± backgrounds:work still in progress ... • no sensitivity estimate yet, but first results look promising! true neutrino energy [MeV] Reconstructed energy [MeV]

  22. Investigation of a mixed detector: Memphys + LENA: Dedicated collaboration project between France and Germany (PICS N°5226-CNRS) T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  23. Conclusions • Fréjus can host all 3 proposed next generation neutrino detectors • Fréjus is the deepest lab proposed for Laguna detectors (4800 m.w.e.) • Fréjus has longstanding experience with LSM underground lab • Fréjus has excellent intellectual and logistic environment (central position in EU) • The rock quality is good and allows a save operation of the future lab for > 50 years • Close distance to CERN (130 km) allows clean CPV measurement • Memphys + b-beam -> covers largest phase-space before NF • Mass hierarchy will be addresses using atm.n ‘s– for free • Memphys is the mildest extrapolation from any existing detector (1 tank = 10 x SK) • Fréjus is 2nd choice for LENA du to reactor n background (give up on geo-neutrinos?) • Glacier can be hosted @ Fréjus, Glacier collaboration considers longer distance as • priority to measure mass hierarchy via MSW Great flexibility in Europe to choose the best combination Detector – Distance - Beam b-beam is a unique European concept in the world competition and has the highest physics potential ! T. Patzak, APC,UniversityParis Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  24. Thank YOU ! T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  25. Backup slides

  26. Outstanding physics goals T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  27. New result from EUROnu: SPL: New horn design proposed by A. Longhin (CEA) http://indico.in2p3.fr/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2455 b-beam b-beam still better than SPL EUROnu should give the answer which is the most realistic approach T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2ndAnnualMeeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

  28. High-statistics measurement of solar n‘s • Expected event rates • events [/d] energy [MeV] • pp: 40 (?) > 0.25 • 7Be: 104 > 0.25 • pep: 280 > 0.8 • CNO: 190 > 0.8 • 8B: 80 > 2.8 • Physics Objectives • precise measurement of the metallicity in the solar core • determine Pee(E) in the matter- vacuum tranistion region • search for time variations at sub-% amplitudes in the 7Be rate (helioseismic g-modes?) • Compared to Borexino: • more target mass: 30-35 kt (x300) • improved cosmic shielding (1/6m-flux)

  29. Preliminary results: • All investigated sites can host large underground detectors • Large range of baselines available in Europe (130 km – 2300 km) • Costs for excavations well understood • Excavation costs are NOT the most important part • Need to investigate the costs for detector construction and long term running Laguna-LBNO

  30. Laguna-LBNO: Pan European Infrastructure for Large Apparatus Studying Grand Unification, Neutrino Astrophysics and Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations • Over 100 participants: • Universities & nat. labs • CERN • Industrial partners New FP7 2010 proposal submitted 25/11/2010 to EC Focus on 3 options: Shortest baseline (130 km), CERN -> Fréjus: no matter effects; clean measurement of LCPV Longest baseline (2300 km), CERN -> Pyhhäsalmi: matter effect; mass hirarchy, LPCV Existing CNGS beam (650 km), CERN -> Umbria

  31. 2008 2025 LAGUNA - Schedule July 2010: down-select sites Critical Decision: 2014 ? Laguna DS (funded by EU): 2008 – 2011 Laguna-LBNO: detector design (costing), beams, physics: 2008 – 2011 Excavation: 2015 – 2020 Detector construction 2020 – 2025

  32. - The FRÉJUS site(at the French/Italian border) : - is the deepest in Europe (4800 mwe) - existing scientific activities (LSM) - GLACIER, LENA and MEMPHYS options are all possible from the geo-mechanical point of view (optimal type of rock) at this depth - independent horizontal access via the safety tunnel (f = 8m) - the long-distance access is optimal by highways, TGVs and airports - the distance from CERN (130 Km) is OK (even if not fully optimized) for a Q13 and CP-Violation strategy with a “short” long-baseline - strong support from the local authorities

  33. Task 3: Water Cherenkov single rings • Light attenuation vs l (nm): • L~100 m (similar to SuperK) • Photoelectrons/MeV: ~10 for electrons, <8 for muons Electrons Electrons: e- • 65mX60m Muons: m+ EUROnu Review: 14th April 2011

  34. Task 3: Water Cherenkov single rings • Electron direction: 400 MeV e- • Electron ring primary vertex fit • Based on PMT timing: ti PMT = ti + TOFi TOFi = (n / c) x D • Maximize estimator E: E=-ln GP θpeak = 420 e- vertex Random point Fit estimator θedge θedge > θpeak d2PE(θ) / d2 (θ) = 0 EUROnu Review: 14th April 2011

  35. Task 3: Water Cherenkov PID • Use angular distribution from best reconstructed vertex and best direction as fast Particle Identification (PID) variable • Different shapes in PE angular distribution for vertex and direction • Number PEs vs PMT distance to the best vertex and direction • Spread electron rings sharper than muon rings θpeak=400 θmean=370 θpeak=420 θmean=440 e- μ+ PID PID dPE(θ)/d(θ) dPE(θ)/d(θ) EUROnu Review: 14th April 2011

  36. Task 3: Water Cherenkov n energy • Neutrino energy: • Migration matrix: νμ QEL νμ νμ μ+ e- Non-QEL EUROnu Review: 14th April 2011

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