GLONASS Update RADIONAVIGERINGSNÄMNDEN (RNN) Stockholm, 27.10.2005

1. Federal Space Agency GLONASS Update RADIONAVIGERINGSNÄMNDEN (RNN) Stockholm, 27.10.2005 V.Klimov, V.Persev Federal Space Agency S.Revnivykh, V.Mitrikas Central Research Institute of Machine building V.Kossenko, V. Zvonar Scientific and Industry Corporation of Applied Mechanics V.Dvorkin Russian Research Institute of Space Device Engineering A.Tyulyakov Russian Institute of Radionavigation and Time ______________________________________________________________________

2. Positioning, Navigation and Time Approach Governmental Commission of 01.04.2005 System Study to define the way to go State Program of the United PNT System development United PNT System (UPNTS) Fundamental Basis for PNT Federal GLONASS Program State Program of Arming Navigation Field Generation Federal Program of Modernization of Transport Infrastructure Legal Issues and Control Use and Application Federal Space Program Federal Program Electronic Russia ITS infrastructure …

3. State Policy Principles • GLONASS is a strategic element of the national security issue • GLONASS is a dual-use system • No direct user fees for civil GLONASS service • Open access to the GLONASS civil signal structure for user equipment manufacture, applications development and value-added services • Combine GLONASS/GPS receivers use on the Russian territory • Compatibility and interoperability of GLONASS with GPS and future GALILEO • Development of the GNSS global market • Since 2006 binding equipment of Russian users by GLONASS or combine receivers only

4. GLONASS State Policy Sources • Decree of the President , 1999 • Decision of the Government, 1999 • Federal GLONASS Program for 2002-2011, approved by the Government, August 2001 • State concept of the Russian United Positioning, Time and Navigation Service System, October 2004: GLONASS is a key element of the Positioning, Time and Navigation Service

5. Federal GLONASS Program Directions • Sustainment and development of GLONASS system (Roscosmos, MOD): • Minimal operation capability (18 satellites) by 2008 • Full operation capability (24 satellites) by 2010-2011 • Development and production preparation of the GNSS user equipment for civil and governmental users (Agency of Industry, MOD) • Combined GNSS receivers • Integrated systems based on GNSS techniques • Components manufacture • Navigation technology introduction in the transport infrastructure (Transport Agencies of MOT) • Geodesy system modernization (Mapping Agency of MOT) Combined Federal Mission Oriented Program – directly funded from the Federal Budget with annual adjustment

6. GLONASS Program Management • Roskosmos: • GLONASS development • GLONASS augmentation development • GLONASS performance monitoring and control • MOD: • GLONASS development • GLONASS operation • User equipment development for governmental use ROSKOSMOS is The Program Coordinator

7. GLONASS Constellation Specification • Satellite in constellation: • 24 satellites • Three orbital planes: • 8 satellites in each • Inclination: • 64.8º • Orbit height: • 19 100 km • Orbit revolution time: • 11h 15m

8. GLONASS Status at26.10.2005 14 satellites in orbit 14 SV in orbit, 12 operational • 12 satellites «Glonass»(3 years life-time): • 10 operational • 2 in maintenance • 2 satellites «Glonass-М»(7 years life-time, L2 civil signal) • both operational (6th and 7th slots) • Next launch – December 2005

9. GLONASS Global Availability (instant). 26.10.05 night

10. GLONASS Global Availability (instant). 27.10.05 morning

11. GLONASS Global Availability (averaged) The World-wide average availability of GLONASS navigation is equal: 68%Average availability of GLONASS navigation on Russian zone is equal: 81%The global maximal interval of navigation unavailability is equal: 3.5 hoursThe maximal interval of navigation unavailability on Russian zone is equal: 1.7 hours

12. GLONASS Ground Control Segment • GLONASS System Control Center • Krasnoznamensk, Moscow reg. • Satellite operation • OD&TS • TT&C stations • St.Petersbourg reg. • Schelkovo, Moscow reg • Yenisseysk • Komsomolsk-Amur • System clock (Central synchronizer) • Schelkovo Mission control segment modernization is in schedule

13. GLONASS Satellite Performance • Guaranteed Life-time • Satellite mass • Power supply • Navigation payload • Mass • Power consumption • Clock stability (24 hours) • Attitude control accuracy • Solar panel pointing accuracy 3 years 1 415 kg 1 000 W 180 kg 600 W 5*10-13 0.5 deg 5 deg Group launch by PROTON Total launched 81 satellites Actual life-time 4.5 years

14. GLONASS-M Performance • Guaranteed Life-time • Satellite mass • Power supply • Navigation payload • Mass • Power consumption • Clock stability (24 hours) • Attitude control accuracy • Solar panel pointing accuracy 7 years 1 415 kg 1 450 W 250 kg 580 W 1*10-13 0.5 deg 2 deg GLONASS-M new features: • Extended life-time • L2 civil signal • Improved clock stability • Improved solar panel pointing • Improved dynamic model, less level of unpredicted accelerations Group launch by PROTON

15. History and Perspectives of the GLONASS Constellation GLONASS deployment milestones: • 18 satellites in constellation – 2007 • 24 satellites in constellation – 2010-2011

16. Results of GLONASS Program Implementation for 3 years (2002-2004) 12/2001: 6 SV, A=17 gap = 13.7h 12/2002: 8 SV, A=22 gap = 9.3h 12/2003: 9 SV, A=35 gap = 9.0h Since 2001the gap in navigation with GLONASSreduced from 14 to 3 hours 12/2004: 11 SV, A=58 gap = 4.6h 03/2005: 13 SV, A=76 gap = 2.9h 12/2007: 18 SV, A=96 gap = 0.6h

17. GLONASS Service Modernization • Second civil signal at L2 frequency band since GLONASS-M in 2003for higher accuracy • Third civil signal at L3 frequency band since GLONASS-K in 2008 for higher reliability and accuracy, especially for safety-of-life applications • GNSS Integrity information in the third civil signal (GLONASS-K, tbc) – reliability of navigation service • Global differential ephemeris and time corrections in the third civil signal (GLONASS-K, tbc) – sub meter real time accuracy for mobile users • Search and Rescue service (extension of COSPAS/SARSAT service) – shortening time of precise positioning and rescue for people in distress

18. GLONASS Modernization Plan

19. GLONASS-K Performance • Guaranteed Life-time • Satellite mass • Power supply • Navigation payload • Mass • Power consumption • Clock stability (24 hours) • Attitude control accuracy • Solar panel pointing accuracy 10 years 850 kg 1 270 W 260 kg 750 W 1*10-13 0.5 deg 1 deg GLONASS-K new features: Group launch by SOYUZ • Extended life-time • L3 civil signal • Improved performance • SAR function

20. GLONASS Signals L3 signal to be refined

21. GLONASS Performance • Problems of pure present GLONASS performances • New satellite – outdated ground control assets • Limited area for orbit tracking (Russian territory) • Time keeping system needs to be modernized SISRE,m GLONASS 20.03.2005 –20.06.2005 GPS The GLONASS Accuracy Improvement Program is in implementation

22. GLONASS Performance (contd) Onboard Clock Stability (Alan Variation) GLONASS R04 (#94) GLONASS-M R06 (#11L) GLONASS-M R07 (#12L) GPS G20

23. Potential GLONASS Performance • GLONASS orbit based on IGS data • IAC - Mission Control Center (Korolyov) • CODE – European Orbit Determination Center (Bern) • ESOC – European Satellite Operation Center (Darmstadt) 30 cm Deviation of post-processing orbit between three centers

24. GLONASS Performance Analysis

25. GLONASS Performance Modernization Plan • Satellite modernization • Clock stability improvement • Dynamic model improvement (attitude accuracy, eclipse passing algorithm • Receiving monitoring stations (RMS) network extension • Space Force network (3 stations) • Roskosmos network (9-12 stations) • International cooperation (IGS network) • GLONASS time keeping system modernization • New system clocks with high stability (2 distributed clocks) • Synchronization system modernization • OD&TS software modernization based on one-way code and phase data processing GPS level accuracy for GLONASS to be achieved by 2008

26. International Cooperation: Russia - US • GPS/GLONASS full compatibility provided by design for existing signals • Joint statement signed in December 2004: • No direct user fees for civil GLONASS/GPS service confirmed • Cooperation at International organizations • Ensure compatibility and interoperability • SAR function implementation • Agreement preparation

27. GPS/GLONASS Combine Use Benefits (1/2) Advantage of Positioning Availability for Urban and Canyon Conditions (GDOP<5, mask angle 25o) GPS+GLONASS (9 sats) GPS only GPS+GLONASS (12 sats) GPS+GLONASS (18 sats) GPS only

28. ИАЦ НКВО ЦУП-М ЦНИИмаш GPS/GLONASS Combine Use Benefits (2/2) Real-Time Precision Navigation for construction and geodesy (GDOP<5, mask angle 25o) • Continuous navigation during a day: • With GPS only 83.1% • With GPS + GLONASS (9 satellites)100% Number of satellite visible for Moscow region during a day GPS+GLONASS (9 satellites) GPS only

29. International Cooperation: Russia - EU • Negotiation process resumed • Consultations on the EU-Russia GALILEO/GLONASS Agreement – text to be consolidated • Technical group to find solutions for compatibility and interoperability • Signal compatibility and interoperability at L3/E5b • Time scale shift transmission • GLONASS geodesy reference to be adjusted to ITRF • Russian industry involvement into GALILEO development • SOYUZ launch service for GSTB-V2a • NII PP laser reflectors delivered for GSTB-V2a/b • Involvement to the H-maser development • Russian industry involvement in FP-6 • EGNOS/GLONASS cooperation: • Working group establishing to submit the technical proposal in April 2006: • GLONASS service implementation • Cooperation with the Russian GLONASS augmentation • Service area extension

30. International Cooperation: Russia - India • Agreement signed in December 2004 • Civil GLONASS service covering • Participation of India in the GLONASS constellation sustainment (including launches of GLONASS-M satellites with India’s GSLV rocket) • Cooperation in ground GNSS infrastructure development

31. Summary • Positioning, Time and Navigation is a component of the critical state infrastructure for national security and economical growth • GLONASS is a key element of the Russian Positioning, Time and Navigation service • GLONASS remains as a dual use system • GLONASS is open for civil use world wide. In combination with GPS can benefit users already now • The goals of the international cooperation are to faster constellation deployment with new satellites, to provide better compatibility andinteroperability with existing and future systems and augmentations • The GLONASS State program succeeded to come to 18 satellites in constellation in 2007, beginning 2008

32. GLONASS Status, Performance and Perspectives Thank you foryour attention! Sergey Revnivykh Satellite Navigation Department of the Mission Control Center of the Central Research Institute of Machine Building, FEDERAL SPACE AGENCY sergey.revnivykh@mcc.rsa.ru Tel: +7 095 516 8329 fax: +7 095 586 8380