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Changing Models For Internet Access

Integrated Hardware Design For Broadband And Home Networking Charlie Raasch Director Technology Planning Personal Computing Division Conexant Systems, Inc. Today’s model Separate POTS connections to Internet No simultaneous access) Cable modem to Internet Single computer access only

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Changing Models For Internet Access

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  1. Integrated Hardware Design For Broadband And Home NetworkingCharlie RaaschDirectorTechnology PlanningPersonal Computing DivisionConexant Systems, Inc.

  2. Today’s model Separate POTS connections to Internet No simultaneous access) Cable modem to Internet Single computer access only FloppyNet Tomorrow’s model Single Internet access point Wireless or phone line networking Easily configurable network Changing Models For Internet Access In-house wiring Internet Gateway Internet

  3. Requirements For Internet Access • Single point of entry for Internet access • Distribution of Internet data • Internet access by all devices • Simultaneously • Independently

  4. Why? • For broadband, only one computer can link to the outside world • Demand for rich Web content and services • Enabled by broadband Internet access

  5. Broadband Access • DSL* • Cable* • Modem • 2 line POTS modem • Others • ISDN • Satellite

  6. Access Pipe - Modem • Advantages • Ubiquitous • Low cost, both in client and service • Independent access by multiple devices • No need for Internet sharing, simple user model • Disadvantages • Long connect time • Low bandwidth • Circuit switched nature • One circuit, one device • ISP investment (not network provider) • Several users per modem

  7. Access Pipe - 2 Line Modem • Advantages • Ubiquitous • Low cost, both in client and service • Higher bandwidth than single line modem • Near ISDN BRI rates • Disadvantages • Ties up both voice lines • Call waiting can solve this problem • Long connect time • Circuit switched nature • One circuit, one PC • Several users per modem, ISP investment • Additional ISP investment • ISPs need to find additional revenue to cover additional hardware • ISP still controls the network

  8. Moving The Data Around - Market Demand For Home Networking • Approx. 15 million multiple-PC households in U.S. (Dataquest, Jupiter) • Multi-PC PC purchases account for 30-80% of consumer PC purchases in U.S. (Intel-IDC) • Internet, printer and file sharing are key driving applications • People understand networking • Almost all businesses and many schools are networked • Easy to install and low-cost are key requirements • Enables connection of PCs and “Smart Appliances” • Internet phones, Internet Set Top, etc.

  9. Home Networking Media • 10Base-T Ethernet • IEEE 1394 • Powerline • Wireless • Phoneline

  10. Networking - New Wires Required • Many newer (nerdly) homes have Cat 5 preinstalled • Will support 10/100/1000Base-T and IEEE 1394 • 10Base-T Ethernet • Advantages • Low-cost, established silicon infrastructure • Disadvantages • New Wires required for the vast majority of homes • IEEE 1394 • Advantages • Fast • Supports isochronous transfers • Disadvantages • New Wires require for the vast majority of homes • New silicon support infrastructure required • Costs are higher than other solutions

  11. Power Line • Advantages • Goes to at least three walls in every room in the house • The ultimate in “No new wires” • All devices requiring wall power (almost all) need no additional external connection • Disadvantages • Interface means are expensive • Safety regulatory requirements key and drive cost • Noise profile on the power line • Extreme environment for data • Data privacy • Interoperability

  12. Wireless • Advantages • Supports roaming peripherals • No New Wires • Disadvantages • Limited bandwidth • Varying impairments of wireless channel • Poor Interoperability - need a true multivendor standard • Physical layer cost • Privacy/Security Anigma WebMan www.anigma.com Wireless a likely winner for untethered peripherals, assuming interoperability issues are addressed

  13. Residential Phone Lines • Advantages • No new wires • Low-cost modulations possible • Disadvantages • Not necessarily everywhere it is necessary • E.g., living room for Set Tops • Regulatory and Homologation costs Phone line a likely winner for tethered peripherals

  14. Focus On Phone Lines • Goes to most rooms which require a networked device • Least expensive means to provide wired data connectivity • Integrates well with other RJ-11 technologies to reduce system connections to the outside world • Single standard from the outset removes customer confusion factor

  15. Residential Phone Lines As A Medium (1) • Physical plant • Maximum distance between any two nodes: ~500 feet • Network topology: general tree • Cable type: unshielded twisted-pair and also unshielded non-twisted pair • Using only Tip and Ring connectors; AWG 32-18 • Node impedance: 100-600 ohm • Local loop distance to Central Office: 12,000 - 18,000 feet Central office

  16. Residential Phone Lines As A Medium (2) • Regulatory requirements • Compliance with FCC Part 15 Class B • Compliance with FCC Part 68 • Compatibility to international PTT requirements • BABT confirms HLAN OK as long as it complies with TBR-21 • HLAN in an unregulated spectrum in Japan • No show-stopper issues have yet been encountered • Still need to go through the homologation process • Market issues may limit deployment

  17. Residential Phone Lines As A Medium (3) • Technical challenges • Frequency-dependent amplitude (attenuation) and delay characteristics • Round-trip node-to-node delay • Impairments: impulse noise, crosstalk in bundles, unterminated bridged taps, spectral nulls • Carrier Sense and Collision detection • Near-end cross-talk in local loop binder

  18. HomePNA 1.0 Specification • Adopts Tut Systems’ networking technology as basis for first-generation home phoneline specification • Highlights of HomePNA 1.0 specification: • 1Mbps data rate • Ethernet: standard 802.3 MAC, CSMA/CD • Support for up to 25 nodes across 500 ft • FCC Part 15 and Part 68-compliant

  19. HomePNA 1.0 Features • No new wires • Leverages existing phone wiring • Compatible with existing services • Internet access, voice services, and home network coexist on the same wire • Supports high-speed data rates • 1Mbps, extendable to higher speeds • Robust • Runs over poor wiring infrastructure • Simple to install and use • True plug-and-play operation - No Hubs • Secure • Home phone wiring not shared with neighboring residences • Inexpensive • Less than $50/connection

  20. Bandwidth Comparisons Data rate bits per second 1 Mbyte Transfer Time 4 4-gaming 6 6-Internet telephony 33.6K Modem 56K Modem 1Mb LAN 10Mb LAN 33.6K 56K 0.6Mb 6Mb 4m10s 2m30s 13.3s 1.3s 2-shared Internet access 2 7 7 - streaming audio 1 1-shared print/scan 3 5 3-shared files/folders 5-backup Latency requirements Less stringent Stringent

  21. High-Speed Networking • Corporate requires high bandwidth • Many many computers on one network (tens to hundreds) • Large file transfers are the norm • Significant usage • Home networks can start now with lower bandwidth solutions • Maximum of 25 computers on one network (1.0 specification) • Typically 2/3 computers on one network • Primary application of peripheral sharing, Internet sharing and occasional file transfer • Wireless LAN initially at about 1/2Mbps 1Mb is sufficient for many home LAN applications

  22. HomePNA Spectral Compatibility 1.1MHz 5.5MHz 9.5MHz 30kHz 4kHz G.992.2 Full rate f Up DSL Downstream DSL HomePNA POTS

  23. Relationship To ISO-OSI Model Higher Layers Higher Layers Application Logical Link Control (LLC) Logical Link Control Presentation (LLC) Media Access Control (MAC) Media Access Control (MAC) Session Transport Home PNA PHY Home PNA PHY (1.0 PHY) (1.0 PHY) Network Data link Wiring network Wire Pair Physical

  24. HPNA 1.0 = Ethernet Packets Media Access Control (MAC) • PHY handles all phone line-specific interfaces • MAC and above remains unchanged 64 bits at 1.3MHz TxCLK (49us) Ethernet Packet Preamble (7) Delimiter (1) Home PNA PHY (1.0 PHY) 64 bits at 1.3MHz TxCLK with stretched clocks (114us) Ethernet Packet Preamble (7) Delimiter (1) Physical operation at PHY (114us) Ethernet Packet Sync Robust multiple access negotiation

  25. HomePNA 1.0 Cost Implications • Data transferred on simple pulses • Inefficient use of bandwidth • 1Mbit out of 4 MHz of bandwidth • Very low cost • No codec • No DSP • Low cost enables network participation of non-computing devices • 1Mbit and 10 Mbit will coexist No DSP or host CPU processing overhead for PHY layer

  26. Deploying HomePNA 1.0 • PC OEM • North American consumer PC models • PCI option card added by PC OEM • Configure-to-order (CTO) at point of purchase • Catalog sales for NICs • Retail • HomePNA Network Interface Cards • PCI • USB

  27. PC System Architecture Alternative #1 Alternative #2 North Bridge Mem, PCI, AGP Chipset Mem, PCI, AGP, LPC, USB, IDE, PCI, AMR LAN LAN PCI AC-Link PCI Modem Modem + audio Audio

  28. Multiple PCI loads Multiple RJ-11 jacks Multiple RJ-11 jacks PC System Architecture Issues Alternative #1 Alternative #2 North Bridge Mem, PCI, AGP Chipset Mem, PCI, AGP, LPC, USB, IDE, PCI, AMR LAN LAN Modem Modem + audio Audio

  29. PC OEM Requirements • Cost-effective solution • Present one RJ-11 jack to user • Minimize PCI loads • Allow easy homologation • Provide clean system design (avoid cables) • Minimize support costs • Integration of filters for modem function Single add-in card, single RJ-11 jack

  30. Integrated Chipset • Meets all of PC OEM requirements • Combines • V.90 modem (either software or host-controlled) • Analog modem still required on all machines for FAX, multiplayer applications and corporate RAS applications • Incremental cost of modem in combo solution reasonable • HomePNA 1.0, 10/100 Ethernet • Multi-function PCI DMA engine services both functions concurrently • Single board integrates necessary filters • Saves $$$ over non-combo solutions

  31. PC System Options Alternative #1 Alternative #2 Alternative #3 North Bridge Mem, PCI, AGP Chipset Mem, PCI, AGP, LPC, USB, IDE, PCI,AMR Chipset Mem, PCI, AGP, LPC, USB, IDE, PCI,AMR Modem + LAN Modem + LAN PCI AC-Link PCI AC-Link USB Audio Audio+modem and LAN Audio

  32. ADSL As The Broadband Access Point Router Voice DSLAM PSTN Internet Splitter V.90 HLAN DSL Audio RJ45 V.90 HLAN Audio Splitter ADSL Wiring RJ11 Home Phoneline Wiring Client PC Internet Connection Sharing PC DSL in near term is a separate circuit with a lower attach rate Phone Phone

  33. G.992.2 As The Broadband Access Point Router Voice DSLAM PSTN Internet Splitter V.90 HLAN G.Lite Audio V.90 HLAN Audio RJ11 Home Phoneline Wiring Client PC Internet Connection Sharing PC Long term a single RJ11 is the center of PC Comm’s Justifies combination of G.992.2, V.90 and HPNA Phone Phone

  34. G.992.2 Integration Alternative #1 Alternative #2 North Bridge Mem, PCI, AGP Chipset Mem, PCI, AGP, LPC, USB, IDE, PCI,AMR G992.2Modem + LAN G992.2Modem + LAN PCI AC-Link PCI Audio Audio

  35. Home Network System Diagram With PCs Home Network System Diagram HomePNA LAN (Private IP Network) 10.0.0.0 Internet E.g., 206.168.145.1 HomeNet “gateway” HomeNet Client HomeNet Client HomeNet Client HomeNet Client 2 (10.0.0.3) 4 3 1 PC (10.0.0.5) (10.0.0.4) (10.0.0.2) Private network address (10.0.0.1) + Internet Connection Each client ISP assigned globally unique address Windows 95/Windows 98 Auto-config (DHCP or Auto-Net) Windows 95/98 NAT or Proxy DHCP or Equivalent

  36. Internet Sharing - Enabling The Digital Home For PC And Appliances Wireless Roving Wireless Client Client 2 1 (10.0.0.4) (10.0.0.6) HomePNA LAN (Private IP Network) 10.0.0.0 Internet POTS, 2 line POTS, DSL or cable E.g., 206.168.145.1 Internet sharing device HomeNet Client PC HomeNet Set Top HomeNet Client PC 2 (10.0.0.3) Client 4 1 (10.0.0.2) Internet Access and Distribution node (10.0.0.5) Private network address (10.0.0.1) + Internet Connection Each client ISP assigned globally unique address Auto- config (UPnP, DHCP or Auto-Net) Windows CE/Embedded RTOS NAT or Proxy DHCP or Equivalent UPnP

  37. Summary • A central point of Internet access is required with broadband Internet connections • Distributing that data must be done through a PC-based or appliance-based Internet connection sharing device • A central point is desired even with modem only Internet connection • Allows for multi-device access through one connection • Many broad-band access methods are available • A genuine market for home networking exists in multi-PC homes for Internet distribution and data sharing • Open standards are in place for phone line-based home networking • Success of networking relies on a single standard from the outset - Any other successful medium must do the same • Combining Internet access and home networking provides a low cost, user friendly solution

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