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Communicating Across Cultures

Communicating Across Cultures. Week 4 Culture. Quick list of what types of thing you associate with culture. Artefacts Concepts Behaviours. Culture. Characteristics of Culture. Learned Transmissible Dynamic Selective Interrelated facets Ethnocentric. Dimensions of Culture.

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Communicating Across Cultures

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  1. Communicating Across Cultures Week 4 Culture

  2. Quick list of what types of thing you associate with culture Artefacts Concepts Behaviours Culture

  3. Characteristics of Culture • Learned • Transmissible • Dynamic • Selective • Interrelated facets • Ethnocentric

  4. Dimensions of Culture • How do cultures appear different? • What kind of deeper systems of values might underpin some of those surface differences? • Hofstede….

  5. Clines • Incline?

  6. Collectivist High Power-Distance Masculine High Uncertainty-Avoidance Long term orientation Individualist Low Power-Distance Feminine Low Uncertainty-Avoidance Short term orientation Hofstede

  7. Individualism ….. pertains to societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family. Collectivism at its opposite pertains to societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive ingroups, which throughout people’s lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty.

  8. Collectivism ….. pertains to societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive ingroups, which throughout people’s lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty.

  9. Power Distance ...can be defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.

  10. Masculinity ... pertains to societies in which social gender roles are clearly distinct (i.e.e, men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success whereas women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life)…

  11. Masculinity In masculine countries both boys and girls learn to be ambitious and competitive, although the ambition of the girls may be directed towards the achievements of their brothers and later of their husbands and sons.

  12. Feminity ... pertains to societies in which social gender roles overlap (i.e., both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life)......both men and women hold tougher values in masculine countries and more tender values in feminine ones.

  13. Masculinity & Feminity ….both men and women hold tougher values in masculine countries and more tender values in feminine ones.  

  14. Uncertainty avoidance … the extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by uncertain or unknown situations. This feeling is, among other things, expressed through nervous stress and in a need for predictability: a need for written and unwritten rules.

  15. Uncertainty avoidance The strong uncertainty avoidance sentiment can be summarized by the credo of xenophobia: ‘What is different is dangerous.’ The weak uncertainty avoidance sentiment on the contrary is: ‘What is different is curious’.

  16. Time Orientation How much we invest for the future, seek to preserve, and are patient waiting for results Long Term characterised by persistence, ordering relationships by status and observing this order, thrift, and having a sense of shame thought to support a strong work ethic where long-term rewards are expected as a result of today's hard work

  17. Time Orientation Short term • characterised by personal steadiness and stability, protecting your "face”, values oriented towards the past and present, like respect for tradition and fulfilling social obligations • change can occur more rapidly as long-term traditions and commitments do not become impediments to change.

  18. Types of Culture • Refer back to your list of things you associate with culture – • Are they only associated with different nationalities? • So – what other groupings have cultural characteristics? • How many cultures do you belong to?

  19. Reflection • What artefacts, concepts, behaviours can you associate with some of those groups? • What might happen if you transferred your behaviour from one cultural group into another? • How does that relate to you as a language learner/ speaker?

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