ECHAM5/6 projects by Quentin Bourgeois, Junbo Cui, Gabriela Sousa Santos, Tanja Stanelle

1. ECHAM5/6 projects by Quentin Bourgeois, Junbo Cui, Gabriela Sousa Santos, Tanja Stanelle C2SM’s research group - Isabelle Bey

2. Main questions: • Arctic pollution: Quentin Bourgeois (ECHAM5-HAMMOZ, ECHAM5.5-HAM2) • Dust emissions and export (focus on Asia): Junbo Cui (ECHAM5.5-HAM2) • Impact of anthropogenic emissions on climate (inc. global and regional water cycle, focus on biomass burning emissions, period 1800-2000): Gabriela Sousa Santos (IMBALANCE project, ECHAM5.5-HAM2) • Influence of anthropogenic land cover change on climate and air quality: Tanja Stanelle (MAIOLICA project, ECHAM6-HAM…) C2SM

3. Spring Summer • Arctic pollution: Evaluating aerosol transport toward the Arctic: •  Comparing seasonally averaged vertical profiles of extinction in the high and middle latitudes: • Observed CALIOP instrument • ECHAM5-HAMMOZ STD • NEW ECHAM5-HAMMOZ simulation with new scavenging coefficients • Next steps: • Interannual variability in transport of pollution to the Arctic • Impact of aerosols on the climate in the simulation with new scavengng coefficients (ECHAM5.5-HAM2) • Accounting for snow darkening 30-65°N 65-90°N Bourgeois & Bey, JGR, in press C2SM 3

4. Dust emissions and export (focus on Asia)Comparing aerosol extinction from CALIOP and from ECHAM5.5-HAM2 a,b,c,d: 10 * 10 degree boxes selected along transport path. 1,2,3,4,5,6: ground based monitoring sites. b b CALIOP ECHAM5.5-HAM2 (Cheng et al. 2008 dust emission scheme) Total aerosol Dust

5. Impact of anthropogenic emissions on climate:Currently performing a number of Mixed Layer Ocean (MLO) simulations with new ACCMIP (IPCC) anthropogenic emissions C2SM

6. Impact of anthropogenic emissions on climate:Preliminary results: Surface temperature and precipitation C2SM

7. Influence of anthropogenic land cover change on climate and air quality GHG & aerosol concentrations, Aerosol effect on clouds Aerosol and Gas-Phase Chemistry Module (HAMMOZ) General Circulation Model (ECHAM6) Temperature, Humidity, etc. Emission fluxes Natural Emission Module e.g., Biogenic organic compounds, Mineral dust, soil NOx Winds, Temperature, Radiation, etc. Vegetation types, LAI, roughness length, moist fluxes Albedo, Roughness length, Heat and moist fluxes, LAI, etc. Land Surface Component (JSBACH)

8. Implementation of a dependency of natural emission routines on the land surface scheme of ECHAM6 • Dust emission routine • − New calculation of potential source areas (using JSBACH land cover description) • − Use of roughness length computed by the model instead of constant (default) or satellite derived values • BVOCs emission scheme • − New calculation of emission factors for idealized conditions • − If time available: use another BVOC scheme to consider dependence of isoprene emissions on CO2 (scheme of A. Arneth) C2SM

9. Isoprene: Emission factors for idealized conditions • Original file: • Derived from external vegetation map (Guenther et al. (2006) • No interannual variations • New file: • Derived from vegetation map used in JSBACH • Variations with respect to used vegetation map (1st step: offline version, if running with dynamic vegetation, online version will be necessary) New Preliminary result! Isoprene emission factor for idealized conditions in µg/(m2h) C2SM

10. BACKUP SLIDES C2SM

11. Main questions: • How does the model reproduce transport of pollution towards and pollution in the Arctic? ECHAM5-HAMMOZ, ECHAM5.5-HAM2 − Quentin Bourgeois • How does the model reproduce dust emissions and export with a focus over Asia? ECHAM5.5-HAM2 − Junbo Cui • How does anthropogenic emissions (of aerosols) have influenced past changes in climate inc. the global and regional water cycle, including a focus on biomass burning emissions? IMBALANCE project, ECHAM5.5-HAM2 − Gabriela Sousa Santos • How does anthropogenic land cover change influence climate and air quality? MAIOLICA project, ECHAM6-HAM? − Tanja Stanelle C2SM

12. Bare soil LAI 1-exp(-laimax/2) e.g. grass Shrubs Forest Shrubs Pasture/grass Crop crop time Seeding harvest JSBACH: Only land points are considered, grid box is divided in up to 13 different tiles 8 different land cover classes: bare soil, glacier, lake, natural forest, natural grassland, other natural vegetation (shrubs, Tundra, Swamp), crops, pastures Dust emissions will be considered as possible in areas with bare soil, natural grassland, other natural vegetation, crops, and pastures Computation of dust emission flux for each land class separately, than weighting and summing up to total dust flux of grid cell. Bare soil = 1 – veg_ratio_max Tiles

13. Planned Studies: Set A: Sensitivity experiments with ECHAM6-HAMMOZ-MLO Initial conditions for MLO for 1600 A1 100 years, A2 and A3 60 years Set B: “Radiative forcing”, use of ECHAM6-HAMMOZ Restart from Millennium run (SST; SIC) Start: 1st of January 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, and 2100 11 years (including 1 year spin-up)

14. MLO simulations: H – net surface heat flux 50 m mixed layer