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A Principle of Design. Proximity. Read “The Joshua Tree Principle” on your handout. Principle of Proximity.
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A Principle of Design Proximity
Principle of Proximity • The principle of proximity states that you group related items together, move them physically close to each other, so the related items are seen as one cohesive group rather than a bunch of unrelated bits. • Items not related to each other should not be in close proximity.
Proximity • Applying proximity gives the reader an instant visual clue, as to the organization and content of the page.
What happens when confusion is added by bolding another item?
Proximity • When several items are in close proximity to each other, they become a visual unit rather than several separate units. The proximity, or the closeness, implies a relationship. • By grouping similar elements into one unit, several things happen. The page becomes more organized. You understand where to begin reading the message, and you know when you are finished.
How many separate elements do you see? Based on their placement, which ones seem related?
Proximity makes relationships clear. This list needs to be formatted to make it understandable. Everything is close to everything else so there is no way to see the relationships or the organization.
Applying Proximity This list has been formatted into visual groups. By grouping the information we can quickly tell which pieces of information are logically connected.
Basic Purpose of Proximity • The basic purpose of proximity is to organize. • If the information is organized, it is more likely to be read and more likely to be remembered.
How to get proximity • Squint your eyes slightly and count the number of visual elements on the page by counting the number of times your eye stops. • If there are more than three to five items on the page, see which of the separate elements can be grouped together into closer proximity to become one visual unit.
What to avoid • Avoid too many separate elements on a page. • Don’t stick things in the corners and in the middle. • Avoid leaving equal amounts of white space between elements unless each group is part of a subset.
A Principle of Design Alignment
Alignment • The principle of alignment states that nothing should be placed on the page arbitrarily. • Every item should have a visual connection with something else on the page.
Alignment • Even when elements are physically separated from each other, if they are aligned there is an invisible line that connects them, both in your eye and in your mind. • Although you might have separated elements to indicate their relationships (principle of proximity), the principle of alignment is what tells the reader that the items belong to the same piece (even though the items are not close)
By moving all the elements to the right and giving them one alignment, the information is more organized.
This example is center-aligned over itself and centered on the page.
If text is aligned on the left or the right, the invisible line that connects the text is stronger because it has a hard vertical edge to follow. Left and right-aligned text has a cleaner and more dramatic look.
Center Alignment • A center alignment is the most common alignment that beginners use. • A center alignment creates a more formal look, a more sedate look, a more ordinary and often dull look. • Most designs that have a sophisticated look are not centered. • A strong flush right or left alignment with good use of proximity will give a more sophisticated impression.
Alignment • This is a typical report cover. • This format presents a dull, almost amateurish look.
Alignment The strong flush left alignment gives the report a more sophisticated look. Even though the author’s name is far from the title, the invisible line of the strong alignment connects the two text blocks.
Alignment • Center alignment can be rather dull and sedate but it does have its place. • Center alignment is appropriate for sedate formal affairs such as weddings.
Alignment • Sometimes you can add a bit of a twist on the centered arrangement such as centering the type but setting the block of type itself off center.
Alignment • You can also experiment with making it more dramatic in some way.
Alignment • Until you have more training stick to the guideline of using one text alignment on the page: either all text is flush left, flush right or centered. • Occasionally you can get away with using both flush left and flush right text on a page, but make sure you align them in some way.
Alignment • When you place items on a page, make sure each one has some visual alignment with another item on the page. • If lines of text are across from each other horizontally, align their baselines. • If there are several blocks of text, align their left or right edges. • Nothing should be placed on the page arbitrarily.
The spreadsheet to the right, lacks proximity and alignment Simply lining things up makes all the difference. Notice not one item is placed arbitrarily on the page. Every item has some visual connection with another on the page.
