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Lecture A6

Lecture A6. English Phonetics and Phonology. Vowel possibilities!. In this lecture we will learn… Vowel possibilities Use this information to compare to consonant possibilities (A5). With consonants…. With consonants… distinct articulation of speech organs. With vowels….

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Lecture A6

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  1. Lecture A6 English Phonetics and Phonology

  2. Vowel possibilities! • In this lecture we will learn… • Vowel possibilities • Use this information to compare to consonant possibilities (A5)

  3. With consonants… • With consonants… distinct articulation of speech organs

  4. With vowels… • This is less clear… and complex in different ways. • For articulation… all vowels are approximants

  5. approximants… • All we can do is distinguish broadly if they the… • Front • Centre or • Back of tongue raised towards top of mouth

  6. Voicing? Energy? • With vowels… voicing and energy don’t really help us understand how to make vowel sounds. • Vowels are typically voiced… so can’t really contrast voiced/unvoiced… fortis/lenis

  7. So how… (can we understand????] • Acoustic information • But acoustic information takes a long time to study and requires lengthy scientific detail. • So how can we actually apply this to us?

  8. Physical variables • Combination of articulatory and auditory criteria

  9. Tongue shape

  10. Activity

  11. activity

  12. … the moving tongue…

  13. …tongue parts…

  14. So far… • Open and close • Front and back

  15. Cardinal vowels (Cv)

  16. Upper vowel limit

  17. Lower vowel limit

  18. Considering limits • We call this the vowel area. You will see three possible ways to draw the vowel area.

  19. Drawing vowels

  20. All together now!

  21. Lip Shape • Changing the shape of your lips will change the quality of vowel sounds. • Lip rounding… • 1) opens up space inside the mouth • 2) or closes up space inside the mouth • Try it!

  22. Unrounded / rounded

  23. Steady-state, diphthong

  24. Duration

  25. In other words… • Duration, like other parts of language study, should NOT be done in isolation. • Sentence stress > word stress • Reading books > memorizing list of vocab • Long listening exercise (like TOEFL) > short listening (like TOEIC) • Relationship of length in vowel sounds > length in vowel sounds alone

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