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From Realism to Naturalism in Nineteenth Century American Painting Eakins, Homer, Peto, Anshutz, and The Ash Can School

From Realism to Naturalism in Nineteenth Century American Painting Eakins, Homer, Peto, Anshutz, and The Ash Can School scanned from American Visions (1997) by Robert Hughes. Realism :

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From Realism to Naturalism in Nineteenth Century American Painting Eakins, Homer, Peto, Anshutz, and The Ash Can School

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  1. From Realism to Naturalism in Nineteenth Century American Painting Eakins, Homer, Peto, Anshutz, and The Ash Can School scanned from American Visions (1997) by Robert Hughes

  2. Realism: Realism in American art and literature was a mid to late nineteenth century response to the Romantic idealism which had dominated American letters until the Civil War. Realists emphasized the importance of seeing the actual world, of focussing on the social conditions and cultural mores of contemporary life. Realists sought a new objectivity with which they could record the phenomena of life with scientific detachment and meticulous care. The artist tried to avoid allowing his own subjective impressions into their presentation of the characters and action of his narratives. The realists sought to depict society with the precision of the physical sciences.

  3. Naturalism: Naturalism was an extreme form of realism in literature which rejected abstract or metaphysical conceptions of human nature in its thoroughly deterministic emphasis upon the law of cause and effect. Naturalism explored the causal relationship between the social environment and the human character.

  4. Positivism: Social Science was a logical extension of the scientific method as applied to society. Positivism took a strictly empirical approach to the analysis of social problems. Empiricists use inductive, not deductive reasoning, and they insist upon the verifiability of all conclusions. Positivists reject metaphysical conceptions of reality and sought to discover the principles which govern human relations through reason alone. August Comte (1798-1857: a French philosopher who took a purely scientific approach to his analysis of history and society Henry T. Buckle (1821-1862): a English historian and statistician who analyzed the variation in human cultures as the product of differing climates, soils and foods.

  5. Breezing Up (1876) Winslow Homer

  6. The Lifeline (1884) Winslow Homer

  7. The Gulf Stream (1899) Winslow Homer

  8. Fox Hunt (1893) by Winslow Homer

  9. The Gross Clinic (1875) Thomas Eakins

  10. Max Schmitt in a Single Scull (1871) Thomas Eakins

  11. The Swimming Hole (1884-85) Thomas Eakins

  12. Miss Van Buren (1886-90) Thomas Eakins

  13. The Ironworkers’ Noontime (1880) Thomas Anshutz

  14. Five Cents a Spot (1890) Jacob Riis

  15. Pennsylvania Station Excavation (1909) George Bellows

  16. 42 Kids (1907) George Bellows

  17. Stag at Sharkey’s (1909) George Bellows

  18. The Wrestlers (1905) George Luks

  19. New York Streets (1905) George Bellows

  20. Docks of New York (1905) George Bellows

  21. Cross Streets (1906) George Bellows

  22. Election Night (1905) John Sloan

  23. The Hairdresser’s Window (1907) John Sloan

  24. Cliff Dwellers (1913) George Bellows

  25. McSorley’s Bar (1912) George Bellows

  26. A Morning Snow- Hudson River (1910) George Bellows

  27. South Beach Bathers (1907) John Sloan

  28. Chez Mouquin (1905) William Glackens

  29. Hammerstein’s Roof Garden (1901) William Glackens

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