1 / 24

Autobiographical memory: asking and answering questions about past behavior

Autobiographical memory: asking and answering questions about past behavior. Shirley Cheng & Hongyan Shi February 7, 2006. Outline. Response alternatives effects Effects of High/Low frequency alternatives Effects on Subsequent questions Telescoping. Response Alternative Effects.

sarah
Download Presentation

Autobiographical memory: asking and answering questions about past behavior

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Autobiographical memory: asking and answering questions about past behavior Shirley Cheng & Hongyan Shi February 7, 2006

  2. Outline • Response alternatives effects • Effects of High/Low frequency alternatives • Effects on Subsequent questions • Telescoping

  3. Response Alternative Effects • Focus of discussion: Relating the materials this week to what we’ve learned previously. 1. Effects of High/Low frequency alternatives 2. Effects of a question on subsequent ones

  4. Effects of High/Low frequency alternatives Example: Responsiveness to change in the weather Results: % of patients reported “more than twice a month” 21% 75% Schwarz (1999) p.98

  5. Effects of High/Low frequency alternatives • Why does it happen? • What type of info. recalled? • Moderators?

  6. Menon et al. (1995) • It addresses the boundary conditions of response alternative effects. • When the rate of behavior can be recalled easily and seems sufficient to make estimation. • Regularity of behavior • Similarity of others to oneself

  7. Questions • This model only holds when memory-based information is accessible. When will the memory-based information not be accessible? • Motivation as a moderator? • Other variables? • If behaviors are less frequent (other than brushing teeth, p. 216 Table 1), will this affect the model or results?

  8. Questions • Self-report vs. Judgment for others • Will it be different if we do not rate oneself first? (p. 221 Figure 1)

  9. Effects due to response alternatives • This week: Frequency alternative effect • Mechanism • Information recalled • Moderators Compare to • Last week: Response alternatives order effects (SBS Ch.6)

  10. Response alternatives order effect 26.4% vs. 10.1% 6.5% vs. 16.4% Krosnick & ALwin (1987)

  11. Questions • Comparing the two types of context effects: • Underlying mechanisms? • Type of info. recalled? • Moderators? Esp. how much we can control?

  12. Effects on subsequent questions 1. Effects of scale frequency:

  13. Question • “Hence, the same behavioral frequency scale may elicit subsequent reports of higher distress as well as of higher health satisfaction...” (Schwarz, 1999, p.102) • What is the moderator?

  14. Effects on subsequent questions Last week: Contrast and assimilation effects • Asking “marriage satisfaction” then “life satisfaction” • Asking “attitude towards one politician” then “attitude towards his/her political party”

  15. Questions • Comparing the two effects, do they share similar underlying mechanism? • Effect of scale frequency is another manifestation of contrast/assimilation effect? • Both effects follow the prediction of accessibility-diagnostiscity model?

  16. Telescoping Errors

  17. What is telescoping? • During last week, how many times did you eat out in a restaurant? • During January, how many times did you work out?

  18. Models of telescoping • Uncertainty model (SBS, p.188) • Rounding model (SBS, p.190) • Effects of time unit on telescoping: • In the past six months • In the period from 01/2005 to 07/2005

  19. Morwitz (1997) • This paper has found unanswered issues from previous models, but it does not address them.

  20. Some observations > > > <

  21. Some observations • Proposition 1 and Proposition 5: seem contradictory to each other • What is the potential assumption of Proposition 5?

  22. T h a n k s!

  23. Question • Questionnaire-induced context effects at each stage of cognitive process • On frequency reports • On attitude (Chapter 4) • Conditions and variables?

  24. Questions • What is the difference between cognitive process involved in formulating frequency judgments and that used for formulating attitudes?

More Related