American Council on Pharmaceutical Education Accreditation in the U.S. Defined and Explained

1. American Council on Pharmaceutical EducationAccreditation in the U.S.Defined and Explained Peter H. Vlasses, Pharm D, BCPS Executive Director V Pan American Conference on Pharmaceutical Education May 6, 2002, 8:30 am, Miami, FL

2. Learning Objectives • Discuss ACPE’s core purpose and organizational structure • Define accreditation • Describe the process by which degree programs in pharmacy are accredited by ACPE • List two other forms of pharmacy education accredited by ACPE

3. ACPE • National agency for accreditation in pharmacy of: • Professional degree programs (i.e., Pharm D) Recognized for accreditation and pre-accreditation of professional programs in pharmacy by the U.S. Department of Education continually since 1952 • Providers of continuing education including certificate programs • Founded in 1932 for professional programs; CE added in 1975, CP in 1999 • ACPE is an autonomous and independent agency with headquarters in Chicago, IL

4. Accreditation in pharmacy: • public recognition accorded by a reliable authority to professional education programs or continuing education providers judged to meet established qualifications and educational standards • determined on the basis of initial and periodic evaluation • directories published annually

5. ACPE: Basic Premises • How do you know a good Pharm D program or CE provider when you see one? • The perfect Pharm D program or CE provider doesn’t exist.

6. Six year terms of office Three appointees each by: American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy – pharmacy educators American Pharmaceutical Association – pharmacy practitioners National Association of Boards of Pharmacy – pharmacy regulators One appointee by: American Council on Education – non-pharmacy educator, public member ACPE Board Of Directors

7. Paul G. Boisseau, RPh, Sc D (NABP) Barbara F. Brandt, PhD (AACP) Judith S. Christensen, PharmD, BCPS, RPh – (NABP) Dennis K. Helling, PharmD, FCCP, FASHP President (APhA) John R. Johannes, PhD (ACE) Mary Anne Koda-Kimble, PharmD, Vice President (AACP) H.W. Matthews, PhD (AACP) Wm. Whitaker Moose, RPh, Sc D (NABP) Robert J. Osterhaus, RPh (APhA) Terry A. Short, RPh Secretary/Treasurer (APhA) ( )=appointing organization ACPE Board Of Directors2001-2002

8. New Council Appointees:July 1, 2002 to June 30, 2008 • AACP: S. William (Sandy) Zito, Ph D, Professor of Pharmacology, St. John’s University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions • APhA: Betty Jean Harris, Pharm D, PharMerica, Pompano Beach, FL • NABP: David E. Holstrom, RPh, JD, Executive Director, Minnesota State Board of Pharmacy

9. ACPE Professional Staff • Peter H. Vlasses, Pharm D, BCPS, Executive Director • Jeffrey W. Wadelin, Ph D, Executive Associate Director • Dimitra V. Travlos, Pharm D, BCPS, Executive Assistant Director • Ulric K. Chung, MCS, Ph D, Executive Assistant Director • Dawn G. Zarembski, Pharm D, BCPS, Executive Assistant Director • Michael J. Rouse, B Pharm, MPS, Executive Assistant Director

10. ACPE: Public Interest Panel • Advisory to the Board of Directors • Meets prior to each Board meeting • Composed of individuals without a pharmacy connection to bring public perspective to Council deliberations • Current composition: • Lawyer • Banker • Researcher/ethicist

11. Increased Practitioner Input to ACPE • ACPE recently asked a number of pharmacy organizations to each appoint two practitioners to assist with accreditation activities (e.g., on-site review of professional degree programs) • Goal: to foster greater involvement from various perspectives within the profession

12. ACPE Financial Structure • Fees from those accredited: • Colleges and schools of pharmacy • Providers of continuing education in pharmacy, including certificate programs • Annual sustaining grants from: • AACP • AFPE • APhA • NABP

13. ACPE Strategic Plan CORE PURPOSE: To assure excellence in education for the profession of pharmacy.

14. ACPE: Core Values • Commitment • Excellence • Innovation • Integrity • Leadership • Learning • Responsiveness

15. ACPE assures excellence in education for the profession of pharmacy by: • Accrediting pharmaceutical education providers and programs. • Encouraging innovation in pharmaceutical education. • Emphasizing learning outcomes in pharmaceutical education. • Consulting and assisting in the development and advancement of quality pharmaceutical education, including the conduct of accreditation research.

16. ACPE assures excellence in education for the profession of pharmacy by: (Cont.) • Requesting and responding to feedback from its various constituencies (the general public, students and prospective students, licensing bodies, Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy and their parent institutions, CE providers, the profession of pharmacy, other health professions and international colleagues). • Promoting continuous quality improvement within its accredited groups and itself. • Managing its resources responsibly.

17. ACPE Accreditation of Professional Degree Programs in Pharmacy

18. Factors Influencing Professional Program Standards • Charters’ Pharmacy Curriculum Study of 1927 • Elliott’s Pharmaceutical Survey of 1946 • Blauch and Webster’s Pharmaceutical Curricula of 1952 • Millis’ Report of the Study Commission on Pharmacy of 1973 - 1975 • Weaver’s Report of the Task Force on Pharmacy Education (APhA) of 1984

19. Standards 2000:The Revision Process • initiated in 1989 • Standards 2000 adopted June 14, 1997 • Implementation Procedures ratified August 19, 1997 • effective date of July 1, 2000 • transition period through June 30, 2004

20. ACPE - Accredited Colleges and Schools

21. Programs offering the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree

22. Enrollments in Doctor of Pharmacy Conferred as the First Professional Degree Programs (PharmD) as a Percentage of Total First Professional Degree (PharmD, BS) Enrollments Source: AACP Institutional Research Report Series, Profile of Pharmacy Students 1997-98

23. Implementing Standards 2000: Status Report Number of Pharmacy Colleges/Schools: • Ahead of Schedule: 76 • On Schedule: 8 • Behind Schedule: 0

24. Pharmaceutical Care • Definition: the responsible provision drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life • Outcomes are: • cure of disease • elimination or reduction of a patient’s symptoms • arresting or slowing a disease process or • preventing a disease or symptoms • Involves identifying, preventing or resolving drug-related problems

25. ACPE Pharm D Standards:Professional Competencies • evaluate and process prescriptions • manage systems and supervise technical personnel • manage and administer practice • apply computers and technology to practice • communicate with patients and other health professionals • administer medications

26. ACPE Pharm D Standards:Professional Competencies (cont.) • evaluate and triage patient problems • identify, assess, and solve medication-related problems • evaluate patients, and order medications and laboratory tests • collaborate with other health professionals • retrieve, evaluate, and manage professional information and literature • use data to optimize drug therapy

27. ACPE Pharm D Standards:Professional Competencies (cont.) • design, implement, monitor, evaluate, and modify drug therapy • understand diet, nutrition, and non-drug therapies • recommend, counsel, and monitor use of non-prescription drugs • monitor and counsel patients • provide emergency first care • evaluate and document interventions and pharmaceutical care outcomes

28. Standard No. 1Mission and Goals • fundamental and contextual with subsequent standards • interwoven with other elements, such as planning, development, implementation, and assessment • philosophy of pharmacy practice as the rendering of pharmaceutical care

29. Standard No. 2Systematic Planning • deploy a planning process • have a plan to guide continued development

30. Standard No. 3Assessment of Achievement • systematic assessment of achievement in accord with the stated mission

31. Standards No. 4-7Organization and Administration • College or School of Pharmacy and University Relationships • Relationships in University and Affiliated Health Care Facilities • College or School Organization and Administration • Responsibilities of the Dean

32. Standards No. 8-11Curriculum • The Curriculum in Pharmacy • Knowledge,Skills, Abilities, Attitudes, Values • Life-long learning • Curricular Organization and Length • Professional Competencies and Outcome Expectations • Areas and Content of Curricular Core

33. Curricular Content • biomedical sciences • pharmaceutical sciences • behavioral, social, and administrative sciences • pharmacy practice • professional experience (including introductory and advanced practice experiences)

34. Standards No. 12-14Curricular Processes • Teaching and Learning Processes • Evaluation of Student Achievement • Curriculum Evaluation

35. Standards No. 15-22Students • Organization of Student Affairs Within a College or School of Pharmacy • Admission Criteria, Policies, and Procedures • Progression of Students • Disclosure of Program Information

36. Standards No. 15-22Students (cont’d.) • Student Representation • Student Perspectives in Program Evaluation and Development • Student/Faculty Relationships

37. Standards No. 23-30Essential Resources • Faculty • Library and Learning Resources • Physical and Practice Facilities • Financial Resources

38. Baccalaureate-Degreed Pharmacists Already in Practice • non-traditional educational development • convenience and accessibility • individualized assessments • customized plan of study • achievement of the professional competencies

39. Baccalaureate-Degreed Pharmacists Already in Practice • requisites waived based upon assessment of professional competencies (achieved via continuing pharmaceutical education, quantity and quality of previous practice experience) • continuing pharmaceutical education could be utilized to prepare for and support successful completion of a non-traditional pathway

40. Professional Degree Program Accreditation Evaluation • College or school self-study • External evaluation • Third-party comments • Complaints • Public Interest Panel review

41. Professional Degree Program Accreditation The Evaluation Team • Appointment and composition • Role, responsibility, and authority • Conflict of interest and confidentiality

42. Professional Degree Program Accreditation Self-Study Analysis • Format and organization • Organization of the self-study process • Description, appraisal, and documentation • Progress since last evaluation • Self-assessment of standards • Comprehensive summary (strengths, weaknesses, and plans) • Staff assistance

43. Professional Degree Program Accreditation The On-Site Evaluation • Schedule • Assignments • Guidelines • Sessions

44. Professional Degree Program Accreditation After the On-Site Evaluation • The Evaluation Team Report • Response and/or updates from College or School • The Accreditation Action and Recommendations

45. Professional Degree Program Accreditation At the Council Meeting • Presentation of report • Movement of Accreditation Action and Recommendations • Follow up (interim reporting, focused on-site evaluation) • Presentations by Colleges and Schools

46. Substantive Change • ACPE expectations, policies and procedures • Examples • new pathway • enrollment increase • change in leadership • change in organization, support, etc.

47. AACP-ACPE Joint Task Force on Assessment and Accreditation • Organized in fall 2001 to explore the utilization of additional objective measures: • To provide additional standardization in the accreditation process • Facilitate continuous quality improvement • Considering recommendation of: • Standardized student, faculty and alumni surveys for use by programs and ACPE • “Indicators” to be reviewed on an annual basis to assure appropriate programmatic monitoring

48. New Opportunities to Be Evaluated • Accreditation of pharmacy technician education/training programs and continuing education providers. • Working with Council on Credentialing in Pharmacy(CCP);www.pharmacycredentialing.org • Expanded role of ACPE in accreditation research. • Expanded international involvement of ACPE.

49. International Issues • Pharmacy programs from other countries are asking ACPE to accredit them or provide assistance to establish their own processes. • CE providers from other countries are inquiring about ACPE accreditation. • Distance education programs have the potential for “international students.”

50. ACPE Accreditation of Providers of Continuing Education and Certificate Programs in Pharmacy