Deep Water Offshore Wind Energy By Paul D. Sclavounos

1. Deep Water Offshore Wind Energy By Paul D. Sclavounos Horns Rev Wind Farm (Denmark) - Rated Power 160 MW – Water Depth 10-15m

2. Magnitude of Wind Resource • Total World Installed Capacity: 40GW (2003) • Total Offshore Installed Wind Capacity: 493 MW • Global Annual Electricity Generation from Wind: 67 TWh • Wind Energy Sector Annual Growth: 25-30% US Offshore Wind Capacity • Total Installed Capacity (2003): 6.4 GW • Shallow Water Resource (0-30m): <100 GW • Deep Water Resource (30-100m; 20-50 miles):>800 GW

5. Deep Water Offshore Wind Farms • Wind Speeds Higher and Less Variable • Floating Wind Turbines • Water Depths in the range of 30-300m • Draw Upon Experience of Oil & Gas Industry • Placement of Offshore Wind Farms Near Major Centers • Easier Integration to Robust Electric Grids • Reduced Visual Effects and Noise

9. Specifications of 5MW Wind Turbine • Wind Regime: Class 6 Winds (>8 m/s) • Control: Variable Speed-Individual Blade Pitch • Rotor Diameter 126 m • Hub Height 90 m • Max Rotor/Generator rpm 12.1 rpm / 1,173 rpm • Maximum Blade Tip Speed 80 m/s • Rotor Efficiency (3 Blades) 45% • Blade Solidity 4% • Rotor Mass 110,000 kg • Nacelle Mass 250,000 kg • Tower Mass 347,460 kg • Total Turbine Mass 707,460 kg • Center of Gravity Height 64 m

10. Floating Wind Turbines

11. Tidal Energy

15. Areas of Research and Education • Unsteady Aerodynamics • Structural Dynamics • Gear Box and Electric Generator Dynamics • Optimal Control of Pitch Regulated Floating Turbines • Floating Wind Turbine Engineering System Design • Wind Turbine Manufacturing, Assembly & Deployment • Wind Farm Cost Minimization • Optimal Wind Farm Operation - Electricity Dispatch