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Sistem Informasi Geografis

Sistem Informasi Geografis. Pertemuan 4 Teknologi , Aplikasi & Bidang-Bidang Pemanfatan GIS Part 1. GIS Technology. GIS is moving from Desktop systems to Distributed system OpenGIS concept  increase the interoperability of geospatial data . Desktop GIS.

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Sistem Informasi Geografis

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  1. SistemInformasiGeografis Pertemuan 4 Teknologi, Aplikasi & Bidang-BidangPemanfatanGIS Part 1

  2. GIS Technology • GIS is moving from Desktop systems to Distributed system • OpenGIS concept  increase the interoperability of geospatial data

  3. Desktop GIS • Represents the real world on a computer • Limited to the desktop Computer • Not everyone can access the applications • Desktop GIS Functionalities • View data on a map • Analyze data  Create, edit, and analyze geographic data on your desktop computer. • Create publication quality, professional maps

  4. GIS Software • Proprietary Software • ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI) • Envision (Autodesk) • MapInfo Professional • Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) • GRASS GIS • Quantum GIS (QGIS) Desktop GIS

  5. ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI) Includes 4 software components. • ArcReader • ArcView • ArcEditor • ArcInfo Proprietary Software

  6. Envision (Autodesk) • Integrates GIS spatial data and AutoCad design data • Perform civil engineering tasks such as • Calculating elevations • Cut/fill volumes • Running flood analyses • AutoDesk Raster Design is used to edit, modify, and enhance raster data Proprietary Software

  7. MapInfo Professional • A full featured Desktop geospatial solution • Comes with easy-to-use software and a powerful software tool • Vertical Mapper third party add-on for raster data Proprietary Software

  8. GRASS GIS • GRASS - Geographic Resources Analysis Support System • Supports various platforms • Supports for both raster & vector formats • Functionalities • Geospatial data management and analysis • Image processing • Graphics/maps production • Spatial modeling • Visualization FOSS Software

  9. Quantum GIS (QGIS) • Support multiple platforms: Linux, Unix, Mac OSX, and Windows • Support multiple data formats: • Vector, raster, database formats, • GRASS layers • Extendable functionality using plug-ins FOSS Software http://qgis.org/brochure/qgis_brochure_en.pdf

  10. Advantages You have all the data and processing at your station Disadvantages You must invest in the processor and storage space Data and maps are not easily shared Desktop GIS

  11. Web Based GIS • “Web GIS is a Geographic Information System distributed across a networked computer environment to integrate, disseminate, and communicate geographic information visually on the World Wide Web over the Internet.” [Gillavry, 2000] • Disseminate geospatial data and processing tools • Possible to Process geo-related information with no location restrictions.

  12. Advantages Minimal processor and storage space needed Many data sets available The processor on the web server is likely to be more powerful than your desktop unit Disadvantages Must have a fast network connection Data resides off site Dependent on resources off site, not under your control Web Based GIS

  13. Web GIS Client-Server Architecture Distributed Architecture Web GIS Architechture

  14. 1. Client – Server Architecture • Geoprocessing Server side & Client side tasks • Typical three tier architecture • Presentation tier : contains user interface • Application logic tier : model & process GIS data • Storage tier : databases that store GIS data Web GIS Architechture

  15. Server Middle Ware Internet Map Server (IMS) Spatial request Web Server HTML, Image, Map.. Client Internet Web Browser GIS Database GIS Software 1. Client – Server Architecture • A typical client-server architecture Web GIS Architechture

  16. Web GIS Architechture 2. Distributed Architecture • Both data and processing components are distributed • The client and server do not refer to a specific machine • “Geodata anywhere, Geoprocessing anywhere” model • Distributed object architectures • Microsoft's Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) • Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) • Java Remote Method Invocation (Java RMI)

  17. Internet Map Server (IMS) Software • Allow users to access spatial data via a web browser interface • Interact with web server and spatial database Proprietary software • ArcView IMS (ESRI) • MapObjects IMS (ESRI) • ArcIMS (ESRI) • MapGuide (Autodesk) FOSS software • Minnesota Map Server • Open-GIS Multiviewer • GIS Viewer

  18. Internet Map Server (IMS) Software Proprietary Software • ArcView IMS (ESRI) • Extension of ESRI's Desktop-GIS application- ArcView • One of the first available Map Server systems • Requires an open session of ArcView running on the Web server with IMS ArcView middleware • Client cannot change the composition of the received map

  19. Internet Map Server (IMS) Software Proprietary Software • 2. MapObjects IMS (ESRI) • Integrate three applications :MapObjects IMS, MapObjects Professional, and ArcExplorer • Can consider as a programming platform • For GIS applications - Visual Basic, Visual C + +, Delphi • For client applications - HTML (JavaScript), ActiveX • Supports Windows or UNIX-based Web servers • Uses modern three-tier architecture

  20. Internet Map Server (IMS) Software Proprietary Software • 3. ArcIMS (ESRI) • Most widely used Proprietary IMS software • A three tier architecture http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/sig/ims-technology-esri.htm

  21. Internet Map Server (IMS) Software Proprietary Software • 3. ArcIMS … • The components of the ArcIMS server: • Spatial Server • Applications Server • Connectors to the Applications Server [Servelets, ColdFusion, ActiveX ] • Administrator • Tool for designing map services  need not to program client • Client receives instructions suitable for processing

  22. Internet Map Server (IMS) Software Proprietary Software • 4. MapGuide (Autodesk) • Similar capacities to those of ArcIMS • Provide tools for basic geographical operations • Own data format – SDF • Extensions required to convert other formats to SDF format

  23. Internet Map Server (IMS) Software FOSS Software • 1. Minnesota Map Server • World’s leading open source Web-Mapping tool • Originally developed for the University of Minnesota (UMN) • Supported platforms : Linux/Apache, Windows NT/98/95 • A CGI program that sits inactive on a Web Server • Uses information passed in the URL and the Map File to process the request

  24. Internet Map Server (IMS) Software FOSS Software • 1. Minnesota Map Server… • The MapServer architecture  • Client-Web browser • Server -HTTP Server (Apache, IIS) - MapServer CGI (mapserve.exe) - Map Files - Geographic Data • [ESRI Shape files, GeoTIFF] Illustrated according to diagram from http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/new_users/msappdiagram/

  25. Internet Map Server (IMS) Software FOSS Software 1. Minnesota Map Server… How MapServer works? http:// <location of the mapserver program> <location of the mapfile> <other parameters> http://192.8.10.52/cgi-bin/mapserve.exe? map=/ms4w/apps/app1/htdocs/test.map Request Web Browser Request Mapserver (CGI) Web Server Result test.map Mapfiles

  26. Internet Map Server (IMS) Software FOSS Software • 1. Minnesota Map Server… • Advantages of using MapServer • Comes as a standard package which bundles MapServerand many required supporting tools • No dedicated hardware is required • Client is only a web browser • Not bounded to any specific language • Compliant to the OGC Specification • Support for database access (PostGIS, MySql)

  27. Internet Map Server (IMS) Software FOSS Software • 2. GIS VIEWER • Developed by the University of California, Berkeley at "UC Berkeley Digital Library Project” • Supported platforms : Unix, Linux, Windows NT • Display geographical information by means of a window (viewfinder)

  28. Buatlahkelompokterdiridari 3-4 orang. CarilahsebuahcontohWebGIS yang dikembangkaninstansi/lembaga/perusahaandi Indonesia. Telaahdanbahaspoin-poin yang disajikandalamaplikasiWebGIStersebuttermasuktentang: • Analisistentang user danscopenya (jumlah user) • Teknologiyang digunakan • Kekurangan-kekurangan yang kira-kiradapatdioptimalkan • Peluang-peluangpengembangan, dll Buatpresentasi (PPTX) hasilpembahasannya. Tugasdikumpulkanvia E-mail empribadi@gmail.comdenganpenamaan file ‘webgis abc_kelas.zip’. TugasKelompok

  29. TerimaKasih Thank You Xiexie Arigato gozaimas Shukron

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