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WELCOME

WELCOME. AUTOMATIC LEVEL CROSSING. SUBMITTED BY LENIN C. INTRODUCTION. Railways - cheapest mode of transportation . Aims to avoid accidents. Using simple electronic components- automate the control of railway gates.

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WELCOME

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  1. WELCOME

  2. AUTOMATIC LEVEL CROSSING

  3. SUBMITTED BY LENIN C

  4. INTRODUCTION • Railways - cheapest mode of transportation . • Aims to avoid accidents. • Using simple electronic components- automate the control of railway gates. • Indicator light - alert the motorists about approaching train.

  5. BLOCK DIAGRAM PIC 16F877A MICROCONTROLLER POWER SUPPLY UNIT GATE CONTROL UNIT TRANSMITTER RECEIVER UNIT

  6. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 1.POWER SUPPLY UNIT • Consists of transformer, Bridge rectifier & regulator. • Power supply -230V ac single phase . • Output - rectifier circuit. • Regulator 7805 provide 5V –microcontroller operation.

  7. 2. TRANSMITTER RECEIVER UNIT • 2 powerful IR transmitters and two receivers. • IR LED • Fixed at 2 KM. • Sensor along the train direction -‘foreside sensor’ , other - ‘aft side sensor’.

  8. 3.GATE CONTROL UNIT • Consists of motor driver, H Bridge and DC motor. • Major components used - PIC microcontroller 16F877A, ULN 2803 and 30 rpm geared DC motor. • DC motor controls gate opening and closing. • Driver IC 2803 decodes the coding - conveys necessary data to DC motor.

  9. FLOWCHART START GATE OPENS, GREEN SIGNAL FOR ROAD USERS IF TRAIN REACHES SENSOR2 NO IF TRAIN REACHES SENSOR1 NO YES GATE OPENS, BUZZER STOPS, GREEN LIGHT FOR ROAD USERS YES GATE CLOSES, BUZZER SOUNDS RED SIGNAL FOR ROAD USERS STOP

  10. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR GATE CONTROL UNIT

  11. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

  12. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION1.POWER SUPPLY UNIT • Step down transformer-reduce high voltage. • Rectifier -ac to dc . • Regulator -regulates output , avoid fluctuations. • Input filter -remove harmonics and ripples. • Output filter –remove ripples in output.

  13. 2. IR TRANSMITTER IR LED series with resistor. IR LED- detection. IR led - constantly emits light. Power consuming. Optimized for low ranges.

  14. 3. IR RECEIVER • Detects transmitted IR pulses . • Train crosses sensor, output transits to low state. • IR light falls , emitter to collector voltage increases. • More light intensity - more voltage drop. • As voltage drop increases- output of op-amp high.

  15. 4.PIC MICROCONTROLLER

  16. PIC DESCRIPTION • PIC 16F877A- 40 pin IC • Crystal oscillator- 16 MHz • Input pins - RA0 & RA1 • Output - port B pins • RA0 low – outputs 0 1 0 1 sequence – rotate motor clockwise. • RA1 low – RA1 high – outputs 1 0 1 0 sequence – rotate motor anticlockwise.

  17. 5. DC MOTOR 30 RPM geared DC motor. Simple electromagnetism. DC motor – clockwise direction – gate closes. DC motor – anticlockwise direction – gate opens. Forward and reverse operation - changing the direction of current.

  18. 6.ULN - 2803 Motor driver IC. No VCC pin. Decodes coding - conveys data to DC motor Port B drives DC motor through ULN2803. PIC outputs 0 1 0 1- ULN outputs 1 0 1 0 - one terminal of DC motor to VCC- other terminal to gnd -DC motor rotates clockwise and viceversa.

  19. OPERATION • Two pairs of IR sensors . • Gate operated by DC motor. • DC motor interfaced to ULN2803. • Train arrives sensor1- DC motor rotates forward – gate closes- red signal glow-buzzer beeps. • Train reaches sensor2- DCmotor rotates reverse- gate opens - green signal glow-buzzer stops.

  20. PROGRAM FLOWCHART START 1 IF RA1=0 NO INITIALIZE RA0 & RA1 YES IF RA0=0 IF RA1=1 NO NO YES YES GREEN LIGHT GLOWS, BUZZER STOPS , GATE OPENS RED LIGHT GLOWS, BUZZER STARTS, GATE CLOSED 1 STOP

  21. ADVANTAGES • Accidents are avoided. • High accuracy. • No time lag.

  22. DISADVANTAGES • Regular assessment of safety performance. • Motor requires 223v ac power supply. REMEDY: Using solar cell batteries.

  23. SCOPE OF PROJECT • Better working of INDIAN RAILWAY. • User friendly. • Can be expanded according to demand. • Additional modules can be added .

  24. CONCLUSION • Improving safety level crossings. • Priority of safety enhancement .

  25. REFERENCES SITES • www.scribd.com • www.google.com

  26. THANK YOU

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