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Preparations for War

Preparations for War. Focus Question:. Explain the best way to handle bullies. Totalitarian states. Soviet Union (Stalin) Dominated by the Communists Italy (Mussolini) Dominated by the Fascists Germany (Hitler) Dominated by the Nazi Party Japan (Military Leaders). Rise of Nazi Germany.

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Preparations for War

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  1. Preparations for War

  2. Focus Question: • Explain the best way to handle bullies.

  3. Totalitarian states • Soviet Union (Stalin) • Dominated by the Communists • Italy (Mussolini) • Dominated by the Fascists • Germany (Hitler) • Dominated by the Nazi Party • Japan (Military Leaders)

  4. Rise of Nazi Germany • Nazism built on a strong sense of German destiny • All Germans should live in one country • EinVolk, Ein Reich, Ein Fuhrer • One People, One Country, One Leader • Germans (Aryans) a “Master Race”, destined to rule • To thrive, Germans needed living space (Lebensraum)

  5. Nazi rise to power • Attempted abortive putsch in 1923 • Armed revolt did not work • Ideas outlined in Mein Kampf (My Struggle) • Use democratic means to suborn democracy • Played on desperation of the German people • “stabbed In the back by traitors” • Promised economic stability • Promised greatness

  6. Gained popularity • Use of simple arguments and nationalist imagery • Continued to gain seats in the Reichstag • By 1932, the Nazis were the largest party in the Reichstag • Nazis demanded Hitler be appointed Chancellor (Head of Government)

  7. Seized control • Reichstag fire, February 1933 • Used as an excuse to take power • Banned left-wing political parties • Passed the Enabling Act, giving the cabinet legislative power • Assumed control

  8. Expansion • Slowly overturned Versailles • Reoccupied the Rhineland (1936) • Rebuilt German army • Anschluss (unification) of Austria (1938) • Turned sights of the Sudetenland

  9. Appeasement • Largely German district in Czechoslovakia • Germany demanded the region • Czechoslovakia refused • Conference held in Munich in 1938 • Britain and France agreed to the transfer • “Peace in our time”

  10. Promise Broken • March 1939: Germany annexed the rest of the country • August 1939: Nonaggression Pact with USSR • Secret agreement to divide Poland • Shocked the world • September 1, 1939: Germany invasion of Poland

  11. Splendid Isolation • U.S. retreated to isolationism after WWI • U.S. disgust with the war • Strong sense of anti-military fervor • Perception that U.S. interest weren’t at risk • U.S. refused to take role in League of Nations

  12. Rise of Belligerent Powers • As war threatened, many became concerned • Fear of U.S. involvement • Senate hearings on World War I • War blamed on arms manufacturers • Took steps to prevent the U.S. involvement

  13. Neutrality Acts • Designed to keep U.S. from war • 1935: No arms sales to belligerent nations • 1936: No loans or credit to belligerent nations • 1937: U.S. could not ship goods to belligerents • Tied the hands of the U.S.

  14. FDR’s efforts • FDR and his cabinet recognized the threat • Prepare the U.S. for involvement • Quarantine Speech 1937 • Cash-and-Carry 1939 • Lend-Lease 1940 • Atlantic Charter August 1941

  15. Pearl Harbor • Japanese attack brings U.S. into the war • U.S. sets strategy in motion • Initial outrage against Japan • Determined to defeat Germany first

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