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Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids. Metals. Location: 2/3 of all elements, l eft of the ladder, most active lower left (Fr) Lose/gain: lose electrons to form positive ions (cations)

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Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

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  1. Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

  2. Metals • Location: 2/3 of all elements, left of the ladder, most active lower left (Fr) • Lose/gain: lose electrons to form positive ions (cations) • Ionization energy (I.E. energy absorbed when electrons are lost from a neutral atom in the gaseous phase-table S)Low • Electronegativity (E.N. tendency for an atom to attract electrons to itself when it chemically combines with other elements-table S)Low • Electron Affinity (E.A. energy gained when electrons are gained by a neutral atom in the gaseous phase)Low

  3. Metals • Other Properties: Luster, Malleability, Ductility, High thermal and electrical conductivity. • Physical State and examples: Solids except mercury (liquid) at room temperature.

  4. Nonmetals • Location: 1/3 of elements, right of ladder, most active upper right (F) • Lose/gain: gain electrons to form negative ions (anions) • I.E. : high • E.N. : high • E.A. : high

  5. Nonmetals • Other properties: Dull, brittle, not ductile, not malleable, poor thermal and electrical conductors • Physical state and examples: Gases (oxygen, nitrogen), molecular solids or network solids at room temperature (carbon ) or a liquid (only bromine)

  6. Metalloids (semi-metals) • Location: along the ladder, 7 of them (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, and At) (note: Al and Po are metals) • Lose/gain: lose, gain or share electrons depending upon what it bonds to. Can form either positive or negative ions. • I.E.: medium • E.N.: medium • E.A.: medium

  7. Metalloids • Other Properties: Have some properties of metals and others of nonmetals. Generally intermediate in luster and conductivity. • Physical state and examples: most are solids (B, Sb,Te etc.)

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