THE RISE OF JAPAN MEIJI RESTORATION OF 1868

1. THE RISE OF JAPANMEIJI RESTORATION OF 1868

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Discuss Japan’s isolationism • Identify the major attributes of Japan’s society, economy, and government prior to the Meiji Restoration

3. Isolating Japan EDICTOF 1635 ORDERING THE CLOSING OF JAPAN • Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries • No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. If there is anyone who attempts to do so secretly, he must be executed. The ship so involved must be impounded and its owner arrested… • If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death • If any reformer reveals the whereabouts of the followers of Christian priests must be rewarded …

4. EMPEROR (figurehead – no real power) OLD JAPAN SHOGUN (Military ruler) SAMURAI (Similar to knights; warriors loyal to daimyo) DAIMYO (Nobles, owned large estates) Peasant Farmers & Craftsmen Merchants – had money but were of low social standing

5. Japan Before 1868 • Japan was a ______________________ society prior to the Perry Expedition of 1853 and the Meiji Restoration of 1868 • Japan had an emperor but real power was held by the ___________________ (military ruler) from the Tokugawa dynasty • The Tokugawa rulers ____________________________ the Japanese people from the rest of the world • Tokugawa Japan is best described as: _________________________________ & __________________________________

6. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Describe major events that led to Japan’s modernization • Discuss changes made to Japan’s gov’t, society, economy, culture, and military during the Meiji Restoration • Analyze why the changes were made and determine how they affected Japan’s future development

7. JAPAN MODERNIZES: 1853 – 1905 • 1853 • PERRY EXPEDITION • USA sends a naval expedition to force Japan to trade with America • Japan is threatened into signing an unequal treaty to trade with the USA – ends Japan’s isolation!!! 1904 – 1905 RUSSO – JAPANESE WAR 1868 MEIJI RESTORATION 1894 – 1895 SINO – JAPANESE WAR

8. PERRY EXPEDITION MATTHEW PERRY

9. JAPAN MODERNIZES: 1853 – 1905 • 1853 • PERRY EXPEDITION • USA sends a naval expedition to force Japan to trade with America • Japan is threatened into signing an unequal treaty to trade with the USA – ends Japan’s isolation!!! 1904 – 1905 RUSSO – JAPANESE WAR • 1868 • MEIJI RESTORATION • Emperor Meiji and his supporters force the conservative shogun out of power • Create a limited monarchy based on Germany’s government • Reduced the power of daimyo & samurai • Immediately westernized Japan’s military, government, economy, and society!!! 1894 – 1895 SINO – JAPANESE WAR

10. EMPEROR MEIJI

11. NEW, MODERN JAPAN

12. JAPAN BECOMES A MODERN POWERHow did they do it? POLITICAL REFORMS • Meiji overthrows the shogun • MEIJI CONSTITUTION (1889) • Emperor held most power • Legal equality for all men • Elected legislature, but with few powers • ONLY wealthy men had suffrage (favored former daimyo and factory owners) • Created a centralized gov’t strong enough to unify and westernize Japan

13. JAPAN BECOMES A MODERN POWERHow did they do it? ECONOMIC REFORMS • Gov’t builds infrastructure • Roads, railroads, ports, telegraphs • Sets up banks & factories • Creates a national currency (yen) • Wealthy families (with gov’t help) create zaibatsu (huge industrial companies) • Japan quickly industrialized • By 1900, Japan is an economic power

14. JAPAN BECOMES A MODERN NATION-STATEHow did they do it? SOCIAL REFORMS • Equality b/t social classes • Ended samurais’ privileges • Upper class still had a lot of political power • Improved education • Hired western experts/teachers • Built schools & universities • Sent students to Europe & USA to study western ideas • Western clothes & customs • Womengained few rights

15. JAPAN BECOMES A MODERN POWERHow did they do it? MILITARY REFORMS • Main focus of westernization • Needed a strong military to resist western imperialism • Copied western armies & navies • Newest guns and cannons • Built steam powered warships • Drafted large numbers of peasants to create a large, modern army • Built a strong military by copying Britain’s navy & Germany’s army

16. JAPAN MODERNIZES: 1853 – 1905 • 1853 • PERRY EXPEDITION • USA sends a naval expedition to force Japan to trade with America • Japan is threatened into signing an unequal treaty to trade with the USA – ends Japan’s isolation!!! 1904 – 1905 RUSSO – JAPANESE WAR • 1868 • MEIJI RESTORATION • Emperor Meiji and his supporters force the conservative shogun out of power • Create a limited monarchy based on Germany’s government • Reduced the power of daimyo & samurai • Immediately westernized Japan’s military, government, economy, and society!!! • 1894 – 1895 • SINO – JAPANESE WAR • Japan fights a war with China over control of Korea • Japan’s new westernized army defeats China easily • Japan starts to acquire colonies throughout Asia to gain crucial natural resources

17. SINO-JAPANESE WAR

18. SINO-JAPANESE WAR

19. JAPAN MODERNIZES: 1853 – 1905 • 1853 • PERRY EXPEDITION • USA sends a naval expedition to force Japan to trade with America • Japan is threatened into signing an unequal treaty to trade with the USA – ends Japan’s isolation!!! • 1904 – 1905 • RUSSO – JAPANESE WAR • Japan & Russia both wanted Korea as a colony and a sphere of influence in China • Japan shocks the world and defeats Russia, a major European power • Treaty of Portsmouth: gives Japan control of Korean and spheres of influence in China, humiliates Russia, shows Japan’s strength • 1868 • MEIJI RESTORATION • Emperor Meiji and his supporters force the conservative shogun out of power • Create a limited monarchy based on Germany’s government • Reduced the power of daimyo & samurai • Immediately westernized Japan’s military, government, economy, and society!!! • 1894 – 1895 • SINO – JAPANESE WAR • Japan fights a war with China over control of Korea • Japan’s new westernized army defeats China easily • Japan starts to acquire colonies throughout Asia to gain crucial natural resources

20. RUSSO – JAPANESE WAR

21. RUSSIA SENDS THEIR FLEET!

22. JAPAN SINKS IT!!!

23. JAPAN SHOCKS THE WORLD!

24. Treaty of Portsmouth

25. JAPAN BUILDS A COLONIAL EMPIRE

26. Japan Colonizes WHY?