Bellringer

1. Bellringer • What are the 3 G’s of Exploration? • What was the significance of Dias’s voyage? • What was the significance of Da Gama’s voyage? • Why did China stay isolated? • Why did Japan institute the closed country policy?

2. Ch. 4, Section 1:Spain Builds an American Empire

3. Thought…. • Think of at least 3 examples of Spanish influence in America.

4. The Voyages of Columbus • 1492 – Columbus sails west to reach Asia • Thought he reached the East Indies • Actually the Bahamas • Mistakenly calls the natives “Indians” • Claimed the islands for Spain • Will make 3 more voyages to the Americas • Spanish monarchs turn the islands into colonies • Colonies = lands controlled by another nation

5. Other Explorers Take to the Seas • Pedro Alvares Cabral • Claims Brazil for Portugal in 1500 • Portuguese build giant sugar plantations ($$$) • Amerigo Vespucci • Realized America is not Asia but a “new world” • North & South America are named for him • Vasco Nunez de Balboa • Explored Panama • First European to see the Pacific Ocean

6. Other Explorers Take to the Seas (cont.) • Ferdinand Magellan • Sailed around S. America • Named the Pacific Ocean • Pacific = “peaceful” • Claims Philippines for Spain • Killed in a local war • His crew were 1st to circumnavigate the world • Circumnavigate= sail around

7. Spanish Conquests in Mexico • Conquistadors = “conquerors”; Spanish explorers looking to claim new lands for Spain • Lured by rumors of gold • Hernando Cortes • Conquered Aztecs in Mexico • Montezuma believed Cortes was a god wearing armor

8. Cortes' Expedition Force included: • 11 ships, with about 100 sailors. • 530 soldiers, including 30 crossbowmen and 12 with arquebusses. • A doctor, and several carpenters. • At least eight women. • a few hundred Cuban Indian servants and some African freedmen and slaves • A Mayan Indian previously captured in the Yucatan, • Ten large cannons, four small field guns, many savage war dogs, and

9. Spanish Conquests in Mexico Why was Cortes successful? • Spanish had superior weapons • Arrows vs. muskets,canons • Some natives resented the Aztecs • Human Sacrifice • The invisible warrior  Disease • Measles, Mumps, Smallpox, and Typhus

10. Spanish Conquests in Peru • Francisco Pizzaro • Conquers Incan Empire • Kidnapped Atahulualpa, the Incan king and held him for ransom • After Incas paid the ransom, the Spanish killed Atahulualpa • Pizarro took the capital, Cuzco, without a fight

11. Spanish Conquests in Peru • After Incas paid the ransom, the Spanish killed Atahulualpa • Largest ransom ever paid • $1,282,311,000

12. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest • Didn’t just conquer people but lived among them • Results in a large mestizo population • Mestizo = people of Spanish AND Native American descent • Encomienda System • Spain gives settlers land in the new world as well as rights to native labor • Settlers must promise to respect native workers • Most abused the natives and worked them to death

13. Conquistadors in the North • Ponce de Leon • Claimed Florida for Spain • Coronado • Explored Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas • Didn’t find gold, so priests were sent to settle area • Santa Fe becomes capital for headquarters for Catholic missionaries

14. Opposition to Spanish Rule • Rebellions occurred • Spanish priests spread Chrisitianity in N. America • Harsh methods burned sacred objects, banned rituals • Priests also pushed for better treatment of Native Americans • Criticized encomienda system • Bartolome de Las Casas Monk and harshest critic; suggested using Africans instead