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The Scientific Revolution and The Age of Enlightenment (18 th Century)

The Scientific Revolution and The Age of Enlightenment (18 th Century). MWH UHS Mr. Moran. Identification and Definition. Scientific Revolution a series of changes in the structure of European thought

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The Scientific Revolution and The Age of Enlightenment (18 th Century)

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  1. The Scientific Revolution and The Age of Enlightenment (18th Century) MWH UHS Mr. Moran

  2. Identification and Definition • Scientific Revolution • a series of changes in the structure of European thought • the abstraction of human knowledge into separate sciences, and the view that the world functions like a machine. • Changed the way people thought and viewed the natural world • Enlightenment • An intellectual movement in which… • Certain thinkers and writers (primarily in London and Paris) believed that they were more enlightened than their compatriots • movements which in fact named itself. • They believed that human reason could be used to combat ignorance, superstition, tyranny, and to build a better world

  3. Where to begin? • It all starts with crazy monks and alchemy… • Education and knowledge was lost in the Middle Ages • The Islamic word preserved the Aristotelean and Platonic philosophy • Originally, Aristotle based knowledge on a kind of empiricism: • he would investigate a question by a) examining what everyone else had said about the matter, b) making several observations, and finally, c) deriving either general or probable principles on the matter from both a and b • This method was used to focus on material and religious elements.

  4. Limitations of the Middle Ages • Catholicism was the major power • Only a heretic would question biblical explanation • Education was limited to clergy • Education was limited to religious elements • Those who were successful and understood the discoveries were scared to report their findings • Advances were neither reported nor made public However Science and Religion agreed on some elements

  5. The Church and Science • Ptolemy • Father of astronomy • Roman Citizen living in Egypt • Combined Aristotelian Philosophy and Horoscopic astrology • Used observation and previous interpretations of the sky to argue the GEOCENTRIC THEORY • Was considered the authority and was promoted/supported by the Church

  6. The Church and Science • Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) • First astronomer to formulate the Heliocentric Theory • Removed the earth from the center of the universe • Published it right before his death • Starting point of Modern Astronomy • Starting point for the Scientific Revolution • His worked stimulated furthered scientific experimentation (Keplerand Galileo) • Others challenged previous scientific beliefs. • Copenican Revolution

  7. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) • First to define planetary motion • Defined and mathematically proved • orbits , axis, and distance • First to explain how a telescope worked • As a Protestant he published with out having to deal with the Catholic Church

  8. Galileoand the Church • Galileo defended and continued to work on Kepler and Copernicus theories. • Catholic Church brought Galileo’s beliefs to trial because his beliefs questioned the Catholic’s teachings

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