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Development and anomalies of male and female external genitalia

Development and anomalies of male and female external genitalia. Dr Rania Gabr. Objectives. For the male and female external genitalia: a. Describe their development. a. Discuss their congenital anomalies . Development of external genitalia.

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Development and anomalies of male and female external genitalia

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  1. Development and anomalies of male and female external genitalia Dr Rania Gabr

  2. Objectives • For the male and female external genitalia: • a. Describe their development. • a. Discuss their congenital anomalies

  3. Development of external genitalia • The cloacal membrane is surrounded by the cloacal fold which meet anteriorly to form the genital tubercle. • The cloacal membrane is divided by the urorectal septum into urogenital & anal membrane. Likewise, the cloacal fold is divided into genital (urethral) & anal folds.

  4. A genital swelling is formed lateral to the urethral fold. • Later these swellings form the scrotal swellings in male, labia majora in female • The genital tubercle, the genital fold & the genital swelling form together the indifferent stage because male & female genitalia cannot be differentiated at this stage

  5. In female embryo: • The genital tubercleenlarges slightly to form the clitoris. • The genital swellingsform labia majora. • The urethral (genital) folds form labia minora. • The definitive urogenital sinusforms the vestibule of the vagina.

  6. In male embryo: • The genital tubercleenlarges to form the phallus(penis). • The urethral foldsform the lateral boundary of urethral groove. The endoderm of the groove proliferates to form urethral plate (floor of the groove) .

  7. The urethral folds close over the urethral plate forming the penile urethra in a posteroanterior direction. • A solid cord of ectoderm is formed in the glans then becomes canalized to form the glandular urethra. • The genital swellingsform the scrotum.

  8. Congenital anomalies • Hypospadias: most common anomaly of the penis. The external urethral orifice is on the ventral surface of the glans penis (penile hypospadias) • Epispadias: The urethra opens on the dorsal surface of the penis; often associated with extrophy of the bladder; resulting from inadequate ectodermal-mesodermal interactions during development of genital tubercle

  9. hypospadias

  10. epispadias

  11. Agenesis of external genitalia: Absence of penis or clitoris; resulting from the failure of development of genital tubercle. • Bifid penis and double penis: vary rare, often associated with extrophy of the bladder or urinary anomalies; results when two genital tubercles develop. • Micropenis: The penis is so small that it is almost hidden by the suprapubic pad of fat. It results from a fetal testicular failure. • Exstrophy of bladder with epispadias

  12. Agenesis of external genitalia • Exstrophy of bladder with epispadias

  13. Double penis

  14. Thank you

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