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Solutions

Solutions. Outline. General Info on Solutions 2. Saturation States 3. Temperature with Saturation 4. Molarity 5. % Solutions 6. Other forms of Concentration. Salt Water Solution. General Info on Solutions.

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions

  2. Outline • General Info on Solutions • 2. Saturation States • 3. Temperature with Saturation • 4. Molarity • 5. % Solutions • 6. Other forms of Concentration Salt Water Solution

  3. General Info on Solutions • Solution: Homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in a single phase. No chemical reaction needed to make or separate. • The dissolved materials are microscopic in size so solutions are clear to the human eye.

  4. Solution terms • i) Solute: the substance that dissolves • ii) Solvent: the substances that causes another substance to dissolve • iii) Examples of Solutions: • -Sodas: H2O is solvent / CO2(g), sugar, etc., are solutes. • -Air: No clear solute or solvent. • -Alloys: Combination of metals

  5. General Info (Cont’). b. Colloids: Intermediate particle size. They appear “Murky” because the particles can be seen w/ the human eye. c. Suspension: LARGE particle size, the particles settle to the bottom, and must be constantly stirred to stay suspended.

  6. Saturation States • Unsaturated: A solution which can dissolve more solute @ a particular temperature. • Saturated: No more solute can be dissolved in the solution @ a particular temperature. • c. Supersaturated: An exceptionally large amount of solute is dissolved in the solution @ a particular temperature.

  7. Temperature with Saturation • For solid/liquid solutes: • The hotter the solvent, more solute can be dissolved. The increase in K.E. (increase impact and # of collisions) enables more solute to be dissolved at higher temperatures. • b. For gaseous solutes: Higher temperatures decrease solubility. (The increase in number and impact of collisions decrease solubility.)

  8. Percent solutions. • The equation is: • Grams of solute = % • Grams of solution[g solute + gsolvent] • Finding a percent: What is the percent of a solution if 2.0g of glucose is dissolved in water to make 250ml of solution.

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