PASS REVIEW (8-1) The car with 5 washers on it traveled 2.56 m, is a(n) observation. abstract qualitative quantitative

1. PASS REVIEW (8-1) • The car with 5 washers on it traveled 2.56 m, is a(n) observation. • abstract • qualitative • quantitative • specific

2. The last step in the scientific method is to . • Analyze all the data • Compare the results to the hypothesis in a conclusion • Conduct the experiment • Identify a problem or need

3. The variable that a scientist purposefully changes is called • the variable and it appears on the axis when graphed. • Control , x • Dependent, y • Dependent, x • Independent, x

4. An investigation must be able to be repeated for it to be • considered . • Accurate • Graphed • Manipulated • Valid

5. The tool used to break light into the visible spectrum is called • a(n) . • Anemometer • Color filter • Prism • Vortex

6. In order not to transmit germs outside of science class, following each experiment, you should . Always clean up any spills Always taste the chemicals Always wash your hands Always wear a lab apron

7. 8-2 • Any change between members of the same species • is a(n) . • Adaptation • Darwiniation • Mutation • Variation

8. A fossil that forms when minerals soak into buried remains and change them to rock is called a(n) fossil. Cast Petrified Preserved Trace

9. The first major mass extinction of life forms on Earth at the end of the Paleozoic was the result of a(n) . • Climate change • Impact of an asteroid • Impact of a comet • Volcanic eruption

10. From earliest history to most recent history, the order of eras is Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic Paleozoic, Cenozoic, Mesozoic Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

11. 11. The smallest unit of time is the . • Eon • Epoch • Era • Period

12. Trilobites and fish were dominant during the early stages of this era. • Cenozoic • Mesozoic • Paleozoic • Pre-Cambrian

13. Humans are a part of the era. • Cenozoic • Mesozoic • Paleozoic • Pre-Cambrian

14. The fact that each rock is older than the one above it is . • The law of juxtaposition • The law of relative age • The law of superposition • The law of trilobites

15. Finding layers of can help to identify the age of rock layers. • Carbonized remains • Cast fossils • Index fossils • Trace fossils

16. 16. The results of natural factors causing extinction of organisms may not always be negative because ______. A. too many organisms are always bad for the environment B. the way has been cleared for new kinds of life forms C. the Earth does not have resources for so many life forms D.the extinct life forms were no longer useful

17. 17. In some parts of the world, there is strong demand for traditional medicines made from animal parts. For example, rhino horns are used for this purpose in some parts of Asia. Rhinos could become endangered if they are allowed to be hunted without restrictions. This type of endangerment is an example of __________ . A. pollution B. habitat destruction C. natural selection D. over harvesting

18. 18. _______ are organisms that may become extinct within a short time. A. Mutations B. Cyanobacteria C. Endangered species D. Pioneer species

19. 19. A science class is getting ready to conduct an investigation of wave characteristics. Which tool would the students most likely use to demonstrate properties of types of waves? A. convex lens B. spectroscope C. spring toy D. plane mirror

20. If your clothes catch on fire in the lab, you should _______. • A. run to your teacher • B. call your teacher • C. run outside the building, then drop and roll on the ground • D. smother it with a fire blanket, or get under a safety shower

21. 8-3 21. Which layer in the diagram represents Earth’s crust? A A B B C C D D

22. 22. Which layer has the asthenosphere within its top portion? A. A B. B C. C D. D

23. 23. Scientists have inferred that Earth’s magnetic field is caused by _______. A. movement in the outer core B. Earth’s solid inner core C. the angle of Earth’s tilt D. the rotation of the Earth

24. 24. The point on Earth’s surface located directly above the _______ is the epicenter. A seismic waves B earthquake focus C mantle D fault

25. 25. Which two processes are involved in the formation sedimentary rocks? A. weathering and erosion B. heat and pressure C. burial and cementing D. melting and solidification

26. 26. Which statement is best supported by the information shown in the diagram to the right? A. Igneous rocks form by the solidification of magma. B. Metamorphic rocks form by burial and cementing of sediments. C. Sedimentary rocks form as heat and pressure are applied to other rocks. D. Igneous rocks form by weathering and erosion of other rocks.

27. 27. Debbie is trying to identify a sample of a mineral. Which property would NOT help her identify it? A. hardness B. mass C. luster D. streak

28. 28. When tectonic plates slide past each other, they place a great deal of stress on rocks, sometimes causing them to break. Why are earthquakes caused by rocks breaking? A the tectonic plates keep moving B the ground sinks between the tectonic plates C the tectonic plates create strong surface waves D the breaking rocks produce vibrations

29. 29. Where converging continental plates meet, stress is placed on the rocks along the boundary causing folding of the land. What type of stress causes folding? A. normal B. shearing C. tension D. compression

30. 30. Where do seismic waves travel? A. along Earth’s surface only B. throughout Earth’s interior only C. within Earth’s core only D. along Earth’s surface and throughout Earth’s interior

31. 8-3 31. A seismograph records the arrival times of seismic waves at the seismograph station. The farther apart the arrival times for the different waves are, the_______ the earthquake epicenter is. F closer G stronger H weaker I farther away

32. 32. To locate the epicenter of an earthquake, you will need a seismogram from at least _______ different seismic stations. A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

33. 33. A mineral is classified as an ore as long as _______. • F it is rare and valuable • G it can be used as jewelry • H it is profitable and useful • I it is solid and natural

34. 34. In the process of sea-floor spreading, the plates below an ocean basin pull apart and _______. Acause tides to develop B pressure inside Earth creates geysers of water on the surface C a new floor is created by magma that fills the rift D the continental plates move closer

35. 35. The mid-ocean ridge is a series of underwater mountain ranges that crosses the deep ocean floor. These mountains were created by _______. F volcanic activity G accumulation of sedimentary rock H erosion of surrounding areas I water pressure collapsing surrounding areas.

36. 36. If stress along ______ in Earth’s crust builds up and the rock breaks, an earthquake occurs. A an epicenter B mountains C the mantle D faults

37. 37. The contour lines along a stream or river form V-shapes that always point ______. F north H downstream G cross-sectional I upstream

38. 38. Aerial photography and satellite imagery use ______ in order to collect data about Earth’s features. F wavelengths of light G road maps H geologic cross-sections I contour lines

39. 39. The Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean were formed by volcanic action not related to a plate boundary. Which statement describes how this can happen? A There is a rift zone near the Hawaiian Islands. B The tectonic plate rides over a hot spot that allows magma to break through. C The Hawaiian Islands are their own tectonic plate. D There is very little coral growth around the Hawaiian Islands.

40. 40. The crust and the top of the mantle are called the ______. F epicenter G lithosphere H outer core I asthenosphere

41. 41. A scientist is attempting to classify a large object in space. The scientist has determined that the object is in orbit around Jupiter. The object is most likely a _______. • A Star • B Planet • C Moon • D meteor

42. 42. Which statement best compares planets and comets? • F Planets and comets travel in circles around the Sun. • G Comets have large orbits that periodically pass near planets. • H Planets travel in ellipses, while comets travel in circles. • I Planets and comets are both made of rocky material

43. 43.

44. 45. 46.

45. 47. 48.

46. 49.

47. 50. The number of daylight hours changes during the year because ______. F. Earth moves farther from the Sun G. Earth moves closer to the Sun H. Earth’s axis is tilted 23 degrees I. Earth’s axis is tilted 45 degrees

49. 52. 53.

50. 54. 55.