NSF Directorate for Engineering

1. NSF Directorate for Engineering Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET) Highlights of CBET Cluster on Environmental Engineering & Sustainability Presented by Ram B. Gupta* Paper 112f, NSF Workshop 1 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, October 17, 2011 *Program Director, Energy for Sustainability, ragupta@nsf.gov

2. National Science Foundation|Directorate for Engineering Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems Division(CBET) 1 October 2011 Deputy Division Director Bob Wellek Division Director John McGrath Senior Advisor Marshall Lih Chemical, Biochemical, & Biotechnology Systems Bioengineering and Engineering Healthcare Environmental Engineering & Sustainability Transport & Thermal Fluids Biotechnology, Biochemical, and Biomass Engrg – 1491 Theresa Good Biomedical Engineering - 5345 SemahatDemir/Kaiming Ye Energy for Sustainability - 7644 Ram Gupta/Geoff Prentice Combustion, Fire, & Plasma Systems - 1407 ArvindAtreya Catalysis and Biocatalysis – 1401 George Antos Biophotonics - 7236 Leon Esterowitz Environmental Engineering - 1440 Debra Reinhart/Geoff Prentice Fluid Dynamics - 1443 Henning Winter Chemical & Biological Separations - 1417 Rose Wesson Biosensing - 7909 Alex Simonian Environmental Health & Safety of Nanotechnology - 1179 Barbara Karn Interfacial Processes & Thermodynamics - 1414 Bob Wellek Process and Reaction Engineering - 1403 Maria Burka General & Age Related Disabilities Engrng - 5342 Ted Conway Environmental Sustainability - 7643 Bruce Hamilton Particulate & Multiphase Processes - 1415 Ashok Sangani 1406 – Thermal Transport Processes Sumanta Acharya 2

3. CBET Environmental Engineering & Sustainability Cluster: Programs Sustainable Technologies Environmental Health & Safety of Nanotechnology Barbara Karn Environmental Impacts Energy for Sustainability* Ram B. Gupta Environmental Sustainability Bruce Hamilton Environmental Engineering* Debra Reinhart *Geoff Prentice, Co-Director 3

4. Budget FY 2011- Approximately $32.4 Million Description Total Proposals Reviewed Unsolicited (900 Proposals) CAREER (110 Proposals) SNM/IDR GOALI (11 proposals) Workshop/Conferences Supplements (REU, etc.) CGIs Co-Funded Awards (secondary role) Other # of Awards 1073 87 15 5 3 30 41 - - 20 - - Total Dollars - - - $19,575,388 $4,748,124 $ 625,750 $715,201 $582,307 $507,991 $3,767,769 $889.959 $707,818 4

5. Environmental Health and Safety of Nanotechnology:Barbara Karn Program Description: supports fundamental research to develop and test the effects of nanomaterials on the environment and biological systems Sample Award Cellular and Biomolecular Interactions with Graphene-Family Nanomaterials Robert Hurt Brown University (CBET 1132446) 5

6. Copper Nanoparticle Interactions with Nitrogen-Cycling Bacteria Shaily Mahendra and M. Stenstrom, UCLA - CBET 1134355 Bacterial nitrogen cycle Copper in natural waters Do copper NPs selectively affect the population, diversity, and activity of bacterial communities involved in nitrogen cycling based on the specific nature of NP-cell interactions (ionic copper uptake versus NP uptake; external versus internal dissolution followed by ROS generation and membrane/DNA/ATP damage; etc.)? Mechanisms for cell damage 6

7. Environmental Health & Safety of Nanotechnology Program Budget FY 2011- Approximately $4.5 Million Description Total Proposals Reviewed Unsolicited (118 Proposals) CAREER (4 Proposals) Workshop/Conferences Supplements (REU, etc.) CGIs Co-Funded Awards (secondary) Other # of Awards 125 15 1 2 6 4 4 Total Dollars - - - $3,801,804 $75,603 $56,391 $93,302 $294,379 $38,810 $93,418 7

8. Environmental Sustainability: Bruce Hamilton Program Description This program funds engineering research with the goal of advancing sustainable engineered systems that support human well-being and that are also compatible with sustaining natural (environmental) systems. 8

9. Short-term Priority Areas Biofuels Sustainability The Water-Energy Nexus Dynamic LCA (including direct and indirect land use factors) Electronics Component Materials Recycle-Reuse-Sustainability Sustainable IT (“Green IT”) 9

10. Long-term Priority Areas Complex Systems and Global Environmental Problems (includes climate change) Scale Effects in the Analysis of Sustainability of Complex Environmental Systems(“Earth Systems Engineering”) Sustainable Water Resources in a Changing Environment(includes the water-energy nexus) 10

11. Integrating Green Roofs and Photovoltaic Arrays Carl Wamser, David Sailor, Todd Rosenstiel Portland State University - CBET-0853933 Thermal properties of the green roofs (GRIPV) show low thermal conductivity and high heat capacity versus different models. Photovoltaic power output is very sensitive to temperature effects, as expected for silicon photovoltaic materials. 11 • Ongoing work is aimed at understanding interactions between green roof functions and photovoltaic functions. • The working hypothesis is that each system will function at least as well even when the two are integrated. Green roof pans with mixed plant matter are much more effective than sedum in retaining moisture from storm events.

12. Environmental Sustainability Program Budget FY 2011 - Approximately $5.7 Million Description Total Proposals Reviewed Unsolicited (149 Proposals) CAREER (29 Proposals) EAGER/RAPID IDR (5 proposals) Workshop/Conferences Supplements (REU, etc.) CGIs Co-Funded Awards (secondary role) Other # of Awards 200 15 5 3 4 10 8 - - 10 - - Total Dollars - - - $1,750,987 $1,352,794 $104,784 $225,750 $277,013 $112,959 $1,323,324 $413,149 $132,079 12

13. Environmental Engineering ProgramDirectors: Debra Reinhart & Geoff Prentice The Environmental Engineering program supports fundamental research and educational activities across the broad field of environmental engineering with the goals of: Encouraging transformative research to minimize solid, liquid, and gaseous discharges into land, inland and coastal waters, and air, Evaluating adverse impacts of these discharges on human health and environmental quality,  Fostering cutting-edge scientific research for identifying, evaluating, and developing new methods and technologies for assessing the waste assimilative capacity of the natural environment, and Fostering environmental sustainability through pollution control and resource management/conservation, and development of techniques to minimize or avoid generating pollution. 13

14. Emphasis areasin the Environmental Engineering program Pollutant Fate/Transformation Environmental fate and reaction kinetics concerning the persistence of antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, personal-care products, and other emerging contaminants in the environment Nano-technology in Environmental Engineering Applications of nano-materials in water and wastewater treatment, air pollution control, and ground-water remediation; environmental and health implications of nano-materials 14

15. Emphasis areasin the Environmental Engineering program Biotechnology in Environmental Engineering  Innovative coupling of physical-chemical and microbial processes Information Technology in Environmental Engrg  Development of advanced sensors and data acquisition systems, internet-based data sharing and information processing Complex Environmental Systems Ability to model and predict across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales; real-time measurement and management 15

16. Soot and Char-Catalyzed Destruction of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Sediments by Sulfides William Mitch – Yale University Among the most important environmental contaminants are Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), a class of pollutants that resist degradation, including legacy contaminants like PCBs and a range of similar compounds still under production.  These hydrophobic compounds accumulate in sediments within estuaries (Figure 1), the nursery for important fisheries, and magnify in the fatty tissues of organisms at the top of the food chain. Researchers from Yale University have demonstrated that sorption to black carbons of two military explosives, nitroglycerin and RDX, significantly increases their destruction rates in the presence of sulfides.  This research highlights the capacity of black carbons to catalyze the destruction of sorbed contaminants, and seeks to understand the underlying causes at a fundamental level.    Highlight ID: 21645 CBET-0747735 Figure 1.Structure of PBDEs. Figure 1. Image Credit: NASA http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=1257 16

17. Environmental Engineering Program Budget FY 2011 - Approximately $10.3 Million Description Total Proposals Reviewed Unsolicited (273 Proposals) CAREER (46 Proposals) GOALI (6 Proposals) Workshop/Conferences Supplements (REU, etc.) Continuing Grant Increments Co-Funded Awards (secondary role) Other # of Awards 335 28 6 2 4 13 -- 1 -- Total Dollars - - - $5,955,330 $2,319,716 $535,203 $40,479 $100,324 $1,139,512 $25,000 $199,804 17

18. Energy for SustainabilityProgram Directors: Ram B. Gupta & Geoff Prentice Program Description: supports innovative research & education for the sustainable production of electricity and transportation fuels. Processes must be environmentally benign, reduce greenhouse gases, and utilize renewable or bio-based resources. Biofuels & Bioenergy Solar Energy Wind & Wave Energy 18

19. ENG/CBET Energy for Sustainability Program: Current Emphasis Areas Metabolic Engineering for Biofuels Microbial Fuel Cells Algae for Biofuels Bio H2 Biofuels & Bioenergy Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion to Liquid Fuels Lignocellulose Bio-Conversion Batteries* for Transportation Renewable Energy Production Technologies Wind * Energy Wave/Tidal Hydrokinetic Energy Solar Photovoltaics Photocatalysis (solar fuels) Photonic/ Plasmonics for PV Nanostructured Semiconductors for PV Polymer/ Organic PV *Geoffrey A. Prentice 19

20. Measurements and Modeling of Multiple Wake Interactions in Large Wind Farms Barthelmie/Pryor, Indiana University, CBET - 1067007 Objectives • Reduce uncertainty in modeling wind turbine wake losses • Optimize power output and layout for large wind farms For a narrow range of wind speeds/directions: Highlights For large on- and offshore wind farms: • Wind farm measurement with lidar • Access and analyze wind farm data • iii) Develop new wind farm model Nysted 10.5 D Horns Rev 7 D Reference: Barthelmie, Hansen & Pryor 2011. Submitted to IEEE Special Issue on Marine Energy and Environments Sep 2011. ID 0176-SIP-2011-PIEEE. 20

21. Modular Construction of Nanostructured Catalysts for Solar Hydrogen Generation from Water Frank E. Osterloh, University of California, Davis, CBET 0829142 F. A. Frame, et al. JACS 2011 T. K. Townsend, EES 2011 21

22. Energy for Sustainability Program Budget FY 2011 - Approximately $11.9 Million Total Dollars - - - $8,167,267 $1,000,011 $400,000 $179,998 $208,424 $201,406 $1,010,554 $413,000 $282,517 Description Total Proposals Reviewed Unsolicited (360 Proposals) CAREER (31 Proposals) SNM GOALI (5 proposals) Workshop/Conferences Supplements (REU, etc.) CGIs Co-Funded Awards (secondary role) Other # of Awards 413 32 3 1 1 14 14 - - 5 - - 22

23. CBET Environmental Engineering & Sustainability Cluster: Contacts Environmental Health & Safety of Nanotechnology bkarn@nsf.gov Barbara Karn Energy for Sustainability ragupta@nsf.gov Ram B. Gupta Sustainable Technologies Environmental Impacts Environmental Sustainability bhamilto@nsf.gov Bruce Hamilton Environmental Engineering dreinhar@nsf.gov Debra Reinhart 23