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Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues

Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. Chapter 13. Responding to Terror The Options. The Scope of Options. Use of Force Operations Other than War (OOTW) Legalistic Options. Counterterrorist Options. Counterterrorism and the Use of Force.

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Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues

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  1. Third EditionUnderstanding TerrorismChallenges, Perspectives, and Issues

  2. Chapter 13 Responding to Terror The Options

  3. The Scope of Options • Use of Force • Operations Other than War (OOTW) • Legalistic Options

  4. Counterterrorist Options

  5. Counterterrorism and the Use of Force • Suppression Campaigns • Military suppression campaigns. • Case: Operation Enduring Freedom. • Case: Operation Peace for Galilee. • Paramilitary suppression campaigns. • Case: Algeria. • Case: Colombia. • Punitive and preemptive strikes.

  6. Counterterrorism and the Use of Force(continued) • Coercive Covert Operations • “War in the shadows.” • Case: The AchilleLauro operation. • Case: Assassinations. • Special Operations Forces • Elite military and police units specializing in unconventional operations.

  7. The Use of Force

  8. OOTW: Repressive Options • Nonviolent Coercive Operations • Encompasses a number of options. • Inherently secretive. Often creative. • Examples: • Infiltration. • Disinformation. • Cyberwar

  9. OOTW: Repressive Options(continued) • Intelligence • SIGINT (Signal Intelligence) • HUMINT (Human Intelligence) • Intelligence agencies. • Problems of intelligence coordination. • Enhanced Security • Target hardening. • Case: Morocco’s desert wall. • Case: Israel’s walls on the border.

  10. OOTW: Repressive Options(continued) • Economic Sanctions • Directed against governments. • Conditions for success. • Cooperation must remain firm. • Trade leaks must be controlled. • Sanctioned regime must be made to suffer. • Problems. • Sanctioned regimes rarely suffer—their people do. • Coalitions do not always remain firm. • Leaks are difficult to control.

  11. Repressive Options

  12. OOTW: Conciliatory Options • Diplomatic Options • Reasoned dialogue. • Peace processes. • Negotiations. • Social Reform • Responding to underlying grievances. • Case: Peru and Shining Path. • Case: Spain and ETA.

  13. OOTW: Conciliatory Options(continued) • Concessionary Options • Giving the terrorists what they want. • Examples: • Payment of ransoms. • Releases of imprisoned comrades. • Broadcast or publication of extremist propaganda. • Political amnesty.

  14. Conciliatory Options

  15. Legalistic Options • Law Enforcement and Counterterrorism • Responding to terrorist environments. • Terrorism as inherently criminal behavior under law. • Taking the lead in investigating terrorist incidents. • Police repression. • Case: The United Kingdom.

  16. Legalistic Options(continued) • Domestic Laws and Counterterrorism • Balancing the need for counterterrorist laws and the protection of constitutional rights. • Cases: • USA PATRIOT Act in the United States • Terrorist profiling in the United States. • Suspending civil liberties in Northern Ireland. • Counterterrorist courts in Algeria. • Amnesty in Italy. • Outcome of the AchilleLauro incident.

  17. Legalistic Options(continued) • International Law • Responses by the world community. • International conventions on hijacking offenses. • Protecting diplomats. • Extradition treaties. • International courts and tribunals.

  18. Legalistic Options

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