IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILLS

1. IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILLS CS1102

2. ENEMY CONTACT • A patrol may make contact with the enemy at any time • Contact may be through observation, meeting engagement, or ambush • Contact may be visual • PL decides whether to make or avoid physical contact, based on mission and ability to succeed 2

3. ENEMY CONTACT • Two types of physical contact • Meeting engagement • Accidental meeting where neither the enemy nor patrol expect contact or are not specifically prepared to deal with it • Ambush • Surprise attack from a concealed position 3

4. ENEMY CONTACT Offensive and Defensive Actions • Patrol’s assigned mission prohibits physical contact • Physical contact is avoided whenever possible • If physical contact unavoidable, break contact as quickly as possible 4

5. ENEMY CONTACT Offensive and Defensive Actions Patrol’s assigned mission permits or requires it to seek or exploit opportunities for contact • Typically combat patrols 5

6. IMMEDIATE ACTIONS • Contacts are often: • Unexpected • At very close ranges • Short in duration • Little time to evaluate situation and issue orders 6

7. IMMEDIATE ACTIONS • Provide swift and positive small unit reaction to enemy contact • Simple courses of action • Initiated and controlled by minimal signals or commands 7

8. IMMEDIATE ACTIONS • No drill for every possible situation. • One drill can be used in different situations. • Hand and arm signals 8

9. IMMEDIATE HALT • Patrol detects enemy, but is not detected itself • First member visually detecting enemy gives signal for “Freeze” • Every member halts in place, weapon at ready and remains motionless 9

10. CROSSING A DANGER AREA • A danger area is any place where the patrol is vulnerable to enemy observation or fire. • Units try to avoid danger areas. • If a unit must cross a danger area, it does so with great caution and as quickly as possible.

11. CROSSING A DANGER AREA • Types of danger areas • Linear • Large Open Areas • Small Open Areas

12. CROSSING A DANGER AREA • Other Types of Danger Areas • Villages • Enemy Positions • Minefields • Wire Obstacles

13. CROSSING A DANGER AREA • Steps To Cross A Danger Area • Designate near and far side rally points • Secure the near side (right, left flanks, and rear security • Reconnoiter and secure the far side • Execute crossing the danger area

14. CROSSING A DANGER AREA • Near Side Security • The near side security is normally from the trail element in the patrol, and is controlled by the assistant patrol leader. • The near side security will observe the flanks and overwatch the crossing of the far side security and eventually the patrol.

15. CROSSING A DANGER AREA • Far Side Security • Used when the near side security is in place • The far side security team clears the far side. • Establishes an observation point forward of the cleared area. • Signals back to the patrol leader that the area is clear

16. CROSSING A DANGER AREA • Far Side Security (Box Reconnaissance) • Poor visibility. • Two man security team • Separate, searching out either flank to the first high ground or limits of observation. • Turn back toward the danger area and search • One will move back to where they initially separated while the other will signal the patrol all clear.

17. CROSSING A DANGER AREA • Far Side Security (ZigZag Reconnaissance) • In light under brush or good visibility. • One person remains. • The other checks the wood line in a zigzag pattern and reports back to the one remaining behind. • A signal is relayed to the patrol all clear.

18. CROSSING A DANGER AREA • Individual Security • Point the weapon outboard. • Be prepared to bring the weapon to the ready. • Pass on all hand and arm signals. • Constantly observe and assess potential targets in your assigned area of responsibility.

19. CROSSING A DANGER AREA • Linear Danger Area. • Large Open Danger Area. • Small Open Danger Area. -Detour Bypass Method.. -Contouring Around the Open Area.

20. CROSSING A DANGER AREA • Individual Responsibilities for Crossing Danger Areas. • Watch for the hand and arm signals • Pass the hand and arm signal for danger area. • Orient the weapon outboard • Cross with a partner • Move quickly. • Move to the position assigned by the element leader. • Orient the weapon outboard. • Provide security

21. AIR OBSERVATION OR ATTACK • Actions designed to reduce the danger of detection from aircraft • Air observation - The first member hearing or sighting an aircraft that may be a threat signals FREEZE. - Every member halts in place until the patrol leader identifies the aircraft and gives further signals or orders. - Members of the patrol must not look up at the aircraft as sunlight can reflect off their faces even when camouflaged.

22. AIR OBSERVATION OR ATTACK • Air Attack - When aircraft detect a patrol and makes a low level attack • First member sighting aircraft sounds off, “Aircraft and direction” • Marines get into desired formation

23. AIR OBSERVATION OR ATTACK • Each member comes on line, using available cover, but perpendicular to aircraft • Between attacks, if aircraft returns, patrol members seek better cover • Attacking aircraft are fired upon only on command of patrol leader. Highly discouraged.

24. IED DETECTION AND DETONATION Execute the “5 C’s” Confirm Clear the area Call higher Cordon area Control the site and all individuals 24

25. IED DETECTION AND DETONATION Execute I.A. drill for counter ambush Move out of kill zone/seek cover/look for secondary devices Report contact via SALUTE report Establish security/sectors of fire/observe all personnel in area 25

26. IED DETECTION AND DETONATION Look for personnel fleeing vehicles. Utilize Rules of Engagement. Care for wounded/MEDEVAC. Secure suspected evidence. Continue mission when directed. 26

27. MEETING ENGAGEMENT Hasty Ambush Avoid contact and prepare to initiate an unplanned Ambush. “HASTY AMBUSH” signal given. 27

28. MEETING ENGAGEMENT Initiating the Ambush PL may decide not to initiate Enemy allowed to advance until in most vulnerable position before initiating PL initiates by firing and shouting If detected early, first member aware of detection initiates ambush 28

29. MEETING ENGAGEMENT Immediate Assault Used to: Make and break unavoidable contact (defensive) Decisively engage the enemy (offensive) 29

30. MEETING ENGAGEMENT Immediate Assault Members nearest enemy open fire and shout “CONTACT” and direction of incoming attack Patrol moves swiftly into line formation and assaults 30

31. MEETING ENGAGEMENT Defensive Measures Assault is stopped if enemy withdraws and contact is broken quickly If enemy stands fast, assault is carried through enemy positions and movement is continued until contact is broken 31

32. MEETING ENGAGEMENT Offensive Measures Escapees are pursued and destroyed until PL orders patrol to break contact If patrol is fired upon from beyond 50m, patrol must break contact If patrol engages enemy too long, it may put mission in jeopardy 32

33. BREAKING CONTACT Fire and Maneuver Means of breaking contact One portion of patrol returns enemy fire while another portion moves by bounds away from enemy Each portion of the patrol covers the other by fire until they all break contact 33

34. BREAKING CONTACT Clock System 12 o’clock is direction of movement PL shouts direction and distance Members keep same relative positions Subordinate leaders ensure proper movement 12 P A T R O L 9 3 6 34

35. COUNTER AMBUSH When a patrol is ambushed, the immediate action drill used depends on whether the ambush is a near ambush or a far ambush If the enemy is within fifty meters of the patrol it is a near ambush. If the enemy is beyond fifty meters of the patrol it is a far ambush. 35

36. COUNTER AMBUSH Near Ambush Members in kill zone assault directly into ambush position Members not in kill zone maneuver against enemy Continues until everyone is out of kill zone 36

37. COUNTER AMBUSH Far Ambush Members in kill zone return fire and take cover Continued until order to break contact is given Members not in kill zone maneuver against enemy 37

38. DEMONSTRATION/ PRATICAL APPLICATION

39. SUMMARY 39